Rig Veda 4.24.8: Mandala 4, Sukta 24, Mantra 8
Sukta 4.24
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Indra (with implicit sacrificial household/patnī motif)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यदा समर्यं व्यचेदृघावा दीर्घं यदाजिमभ्यख्यदर्यः । अचिक्रदद्वृषणं पत्न्यच्छा दुरोण आ निशितं सोमसुद्भिः ॥
Transliteration
yadā samaryáṃ vyácet ṛ́ghāvā dīrgháṃ yadā́jim abhyákhyad aryáḥ | ácikradad vṛ́ṣaṇaṃ pátny acchá duroṇá ā níśitaṃ somasúdbhiḥ ||
Translation
疾き者が長き行路のうちに友を見分け、貴き者が目前に競争を見据えたとき、彼は配偶のもとへ向けて牡牛に叫んだ。「来たれ、この家へ——ソーマを搾る者たちによって鋭くされた者よ。」
Word by Word
यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikaraṇa (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
समर्यम्the rival/contender (Samarya)
समर्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसमर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
विapart, asunder
वि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि (उपसर्ग)
अचेत्he perceived/recognized
अचेत्:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootचि (धातु) / चि- (to notice, perceive)
ऋघावाṚghāvan (a hero/epithet)
ऋघावा:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootऋघावन् (प्रातिपदिक; विशेषण/नाम)
दीर्घम्far, long (in extent)
दीर्घम्:
Adhikaraṇa (प्रकार/परिमाण)
TypeAdjective
Rootदीर्घ (प्रातिपदिक)
यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikaraṇa (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
आजिम्the race, contest, battle
आजिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआजि (प्रातिपदिक)
अभिtowards, against
अभि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअभि (उपसर्ग)
अख्यत्he beheld/saw
अख्यत्:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootख्या (धातु) (to see, make known)
अर्यःthe Arya (noble man/hero)
अर्यः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootअर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
अचिक्रदत्he cried out, roared
अचिक्रदत्:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootक्रन्द् (धातु) (to cry out, roar)
वृषणम्the bull/virile one (hero)
वृषणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृषण (प्रातिपदिक)
पत्नीthe wife
पत्नी:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootपत्नी (प्रातिपदिक)
अच्छाtowards
अच्छा:
Adhikaraṇa (दिशा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअच्छा (अव्यय)
दुरोणःthe house, dwelling
दुरोणः:
Kartā/Adhikaraṇa (स्थान) (context-dependent)
TypeNoun
Rootदुरोण (प्रातिपदिक)
आunto, towards
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग)
निशितम्sharpened, keen
निशितम्:
Karma (as object/goal in motion context)
TypeAdjective
Rootनिशित (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक; नि-शि ‘to sharpen’)
सोमसुद्भिःwith the Soma-pressers (Soma-pressing men)
सोमसुद्भिः:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootसोमसुत् (प्रातिपदिक; सोम + सुत् ‘pressed’)
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