Rig Veda 4.21.8: Mandala 4, Sukta 21, Mantra 8
Sukta 4.21
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; confirm in critical edition)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
वि यद्वरांसि पर्वतस्य वृण्वे पयोभिर्जिन्वे अपां जवांसि । विदद्गौरस्य गवयस्य गोहे यदी वाजाय सुध्यो वहन्ति ॥
Transliteration
ví yad varā́ṃsi párvatasya vṛṇvé páyobhir jinvé apā́ṃ javā́ṃsi | vidád gáurasya gavayásya góhe yadī́ vājā́ya su-dhyò váhanti ||
Translation
彼が山の扉を開き、満ちあふれる流れによって水の疾走を活気づけるとき、彼は牛囲い（gohe）において輝く光とその伴う諸光を見いだす――勝利（vāja）のために進む善き識別の者たち（sudhyaḥ）が、力の充溢を目標へと運びゆくときに。
Word by Word
विapart, forth, asunder
वि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि- (उपसर्ग)
यत्what(ever)
यत्:
Karma (of √वृण्वे) / correl. to clause
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
वरांसिopenings, outlets, passages
वरांसि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवर (प्रातिपदिक)
पर्वतस्यof the mountain
पर्वतस्य:
Sambandha (genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootपर्वत (प्रातिपदिक)
वृण्वेI open / I uncover
वृण्वे:
Kartā (implicit ‘I’/the singer/Indra in context)
TypeVerb
Root√वृ (वृणोति/वृणुते)
पयोभिःwith streams (of milk/water), with liquids
पयोभिः:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootपयस् (प्रातिपदिक)
जिन्वेI quicken / I impel / I refresh
जिन्वे:
Kartā
TypeVerb
Root√जिव्/√जिन् (जिन्वति/जिन्वते ‘to set in motion, to quicken, to refresh’)
अपाम्of the waters
अपाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootअप्/आप् (प्रातिपदिक) बहुवचन-स्तेम
जवांसिspeeds, swift currents/impulses
जवांसि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजव (प्रातिपदिक)
विapart, forth
वि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि- (उपसर्ग)
दद्giving / bestowing / finding
दद्:
Kartā (agreeing with ‘गौः’)
TypeVerb
Root√दा (ददाति) (here: present participial base)
गौःthe cow (also: ray/light)
गौः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
अस्यof this (one)
अस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
गवयस्यof the gavaya (wild ox/antelope-like bovine)
गवयस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootगवय (प्रातिपदिक)
गोहेin the cow-pen / in the cattle-hide (enclosure)
गोहे:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootगो-ह (गो + √हा/ह ‘to leave/abandon’ > ‘hiding-place/pen’; lexicalized) / or ‘गो-ओह’ (cow-stall)
यदाwhen
यदा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा (अव्यय)
ईindeed, just
ई:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootई (निपात)
वाजायfor the prize/strength (vāja)
वाजाय:
Sampradāna
TypeNoun
Rootवाज (प्रातिपदिक)
सुध्यःthe wise/skillful (ones)
सुध्यः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective (substantivized)
Rootसुधि (प्रातिपदिक; su-dhī ‘good-minded/skillful’)
वहन्तिthey carry / they convey
वहन्ति:
Kriyā (predicate); Kartā = ‘सुध्यः’
TypeVerb
Root√वह् (वहति)
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