Rig Veda 4.19.8: Mandala 4, Sukta 19, Mantra 8
Sukta 4.19
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Trishtubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
पूर्वीरुषसः शरदश्च गूर्ता वृत्रं जघन्वाँ असृजद्वि सिन्धून् । परिष्ठिता अतृणद्बद्बधानाः सीरा इन्द्रः स्रवितवे पृथिव्या ॥
Transliteration
pūrvī́r uṣásaḥ śáradaś ca gūrtā́ vṛ́traṁ jaghanvā́ṁ asṛ́jad ví síndhūn | pári-sthitā atṛṇad badbadhānā́ḥ sīrā́ índraḥ sravitáve pṛthivyā́ḥ ||
Translation
多くの暁と季節とは閉ざされていた；だがインドラがヴリトラ（Vṛtra）を討ち倒すや、諸河を放った。周りに立ち塞がれていたものは解かれ、流れへと解き放たれ；インドラは大地の上に水の流れを走らせた。
Word by Word
पूर्वीःformer, earlier (many)
पूर्वीः:
कर्तृ (उषसः-विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व (प्रातिपदिक) < पर (PIE *per- ‘before, forward’)
उषसःdawns
उषसः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootउषस् (प्रातिपदिक)
शरदःautumns, seasons (years)
शरदः:
कर्तृ (उषसः-सह समुच्चितम्)
TypeNoun
Rootशरद् (प्रातिपदिक)
चand
च:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
गूर्ताःpraised, celebrated
गूर्ताः:
कर्तृ (उषसः/शरदः-विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootगूर्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक); √गॄ/गॢ (गिर्/गॄ) ‘स्तुतौ/उद्गीथे’ → ‘स्तुत/प्रशस्त’ (वेद.)
वृत्रम्Vṛtra (the obstructer)
वृत्रम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्र (प्रातिपदिक) < √वृ (वरणे/आवरणे) ‘to cover, obstruct’
जघन्वान्having slain
जघन्वान्:
कर्तृ (इन्द्रः)
TypeParticiple
Root√हन् (हिंसायाम्) ‘to slay’ (परिपूर्ण/वेद. परस्मैपद-परस्मैपदीय परिप्रयोगः); परिपूर्ण-रूप ‘जघन्वान्’ (perf. act. ptc.)
असृजत्released, let loose
असृजत्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√सृज् (सर्जने) ‘to release, let flow’
विapart, forth
वि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि
सिन्धून्rivers, streams
सिन्धून्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootसिन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)
परिष्ठिताःstanding around, encompassing
परिष्ठिताः:
कर्तृ (सीराः-विशेषणम्)
TypeParticiple
Rootपरि-√स्था (स्थितौ) ‘to stand around’ → ‘परिष्ठित’ (ppp)
अतृणत्cleft, pierced
अतृणत्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√तृद्/तृण् (छेदने/विदारणे; वेद. ‘to pierce, cleave’)
बद्बधानाःpressing/hemming in, constraining
बद्बधानाः:
कर्तृ (सीराः-विशेषणम्)
TypeParticiple
Root√बध् (वधने/बन्धने; वेद. ‘to bind, press, constrain’) with reduplication ‘बद्बध-’; middle participle ‘-आन’
सीराःchannels, furrows (stream-beds)
सीराः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootसीर (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ploughs/ploughshares’; वेद. जलप्रवाह-रूपेण ‘furrows/streams’)
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
स्रवितवेto flow
स्रवितवे:
प्रयोजन (अर्थे)
TypeVerbal noun (Infinitive)
Root√स्रु (स्रवणे) ‘to flow’ → ‘स्रवितु’ (infinitive-stem)
पृथिव्याःof the earth
पृथिव्याः:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)
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