Rig Veda 4.16.20: Mandala 4, Sukta 16, Mantra 20

Sukta 4.16

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

एवेदिन्द्राय वृषभाय वृष्णे ब्रह्माकर्म भृगवो न रथम् । नू चिद्यथा नः सख्या वियोषदसन्न उग्रोऽविता तनूपाः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.16.20

Transliteration

evéd índrāya vṛṣabhā́ya vṛ́ṣṇe bráhmākarmá bhṛ́gavo ná rátham | nū́ cid yáthā naḥ sakhyā́ víyoṣad ásann ugró ’vitā́ tanūpā́ḥ ||

Translation

かくしてインドラのために——牡牛なる者、強き主のために——われらはこのブラフマン（brahman、聖なる讃歌）を鍛え作った。ブリグ族（Bhṛgu）が戦車を作るがごとく。いままた、われらの友情が断たれぬように、猛き者がわれらの助け手となり、身をもつ者を守護する護り手（tanūpā）となれ。

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Word by Word

• एव: indeed, just, thus
• एव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• इत्: indeed, surely
• इत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इत्

• इन्द्राय: to Indra
• इन्द्राय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र

• वृषभाय: to the bull (mighty one)
• वृषभाय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषभ

• वृष्णे: to the vigorous/strong one
• वृष्णे: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वृषन्

• ब्रह्म: sacred formulation, hymn/prayer
• ब्रह्म: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन्

• अकर्म: unfailing in action / effective (lit. not non-working)
• अकर्म: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृ (धातु) + अ (उपसर्ग/प्रत्यय-निषेध) → अकर्मन्

• भृगवः: the Bhṛgus (a priestly clan)
• भृगवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: भृगु

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• रथम्: chariot
• रथम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ

• नु: now, indeed
• नु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु

• चित्: even
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित्

• यथा: as, so that
• यथा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा

• नः: for us / of us
• नः: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• सख्या: friendship, companionship
• सख्या: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सखि

• वियोषत्: should separate / separated
• वियोषत्: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: युष् (वियोजने) with वि-

• असन्: they were / may they be
• असन्: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस्

• नः: for us
• नः: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• उग्रः: the mighty/terrible one
• उग्रः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्र

• अविता: helper, protector
• अविता: Kartā
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: अवितृ (from अव् ‘to protect, help’)

• तनूपाः: protector of our person/body
• तनूपाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: तनूपा (तनोः ‘of the body’ + पा ‘protector’)