Rig Veda 10.74.4: Mandala 10, Sukta 74, Mantra 4

Sukta 10.74

Devata: Indra

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

आ तत्त इन्द्रायवः पनन्ताभि य ऊर्वं गोमन्तं तितृत्सान् । सकृत्स्वं ये पुरुपुत्रां महीं सहस्रधारां बृहतीं दुदुक्षन् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.74.4

Transliteration

ā tát ta indrā́yávaḥ panantā́bhi yá ū́rvaṃ gómantaṃ títṛtsān | sakṛ́t-sváṃ yé puru-putrā́m mahī́ṃ sahásra-dhārāṃ bṛhatī́ṃ dudúkṣan ||

Translation

その目標へと、インドラ（Indra）よ、汝を求める者たちは押し進む――光の牛群に富む満ちた蔵へと渡り越えようとする者たちが。ひとたび自らの広き大地を呼び覚ます者たち――多くの子を宿し、千の流れをもつ偉大なるもの――は、彼女に豊穣を搾り出させる。

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Word by Word

• आ: towards; forth
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (upasarga) / ā (nipāta)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (object, with implied verb ‘bring/offer/lead’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• ते: to you
• ते: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• इन्द्राय: to Indra
• इन्द्राय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (prātipadika)

• अयवः: the Āyavas (a clan/people)
• अयवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अयु/अयव (prātipadika; Vedic ‘Āyu/Āyava’ people/descendants)

• पनन्त: praise; extol
• पनन्त: Kriyā (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पन् (धातु; ‘to praise/admire’, Vedic)

• अभि: towards; upon
• अभि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि (upasarga/avyaya)

• ये: who
• ये: Kartā (of the relative clause)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (relative pronoun)

• ऊर्वम्: enclosure; pen; fold
• ऊर्वम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊर्व (prātipadika)

• गोमन्तम्: rich in cattle
• गोमन्तम्: Karma (qualifier of ऊर्वम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गोमन्त् (adjectival prātipadika)

• तितृत्सान्: those desiring to cross/overcome
• तितृत्सान्: Karma (object: ‘those wishing to cross/overcome’)
• Type: Participle
• Root: तितृत्सु (desiderative present participle from √तॄ/√तॢ ‘to cross, overcome’)

• सकृत्स्वम्: once (their) own
• सकृत्स्वम्: Karma/Adverbial (once; one’s own)
• Type: Compound (indeclinable + adjective)
• Root: सकृत् (avyaya ‘once’) + स्व (prātipadika ‘own’)

• ये: who
• ये: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (relative pronoun)

• पुरुपुत्राम्: having many sons
• पुरुपुत्राम्: Karma (qualifier of महीम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुरु-पुत्र (bahuvrīhi/tatpuruṣa adjectival prātipadika)

• महीम्: the great (one); the earth/Great Lady
• महीम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मही (prātipadika)

• सहस्रधाराम्: having a thousand streams
• सहस्रधाराम्: Karma (qualifier of महीम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सहस्र-धारा (compound prātipadika)

• बृहतीम्: lofty; vast; ‘Bṛhatī’ (great)
• बृहतीम्: Karma (qualifier of महीम्)
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: बृहती (prātipadika)

• दुदुक्षन्: they milked; drew forth (abundance)
• दुदुक्षन्: Kriyā (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दुह् (धातु ‘to milk’) with reduplication (intensive/iterative aorist-like injunctive in Vedic usage)