Rig Veda 1.56.4: Mandala 1, Sukta 56, Mantra 4
Sukta 1.56
Rishi: Vasiṣṭha Maitrāvaruṇi
Devata: Indra (with personified Taviṣī as his empowering Shakti)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
देवी यदि तविषी त्वावृधोतय इन्द्रं सिषक्त्युषसं न सूर्यः । यो धृष्णुना शवसा बाधते तम इयर्ति रेणुं बृहदर्हरिष्वणिः ॥
Transliteration
devī́ yádi tavíṣī tvā́vṛdhōtáya índraṃ síṣakty uṣásaṃ ná sū́ryaḥ | yó dhṛṣṇúnā śávasā bā́dhate táma íyarti réṇuṃ bṛhád arhariṣváṇiḥ ||
Translation
女神の力――汝の増しゆく威勢――が、助けのためにインドラを繋ぎ駆る。太陽が暁（ウシャス）を繋ぐがごとく。勇猛なる力で闇を押し退けるその者は、大いなる塵を巻き起こし、ハリ（Harī）の駿馬は轟きつつ、光の威力をもって疾走する。
Word by Word
देवीthe goddess (divine power)
देवी:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootदेवी (प्रातिपदिक) < देव (दिव् ‘दीप्तौ’)
यदिif/when
यदि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि (अव्यय) < यद्- (संबन्ध/शर्त)
तविषीmight, strength
तविषी:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootतविषी (प्रातिपदिक) < तवस्/तविष् (बल)
त्वाyou
त्वा:
कर्म
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
वृधोतयःhelpers who cause growth; strengthening aids
वृधोतयः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootवृधोतयः (प्रातिपदिक) = वृध्-उतयः (< वृध् ‘वर्धने’ + उतिः ‘सहायता’)
इन्द्रम्Indra
इन्द्रम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
सिषक्तिattaches, yokes, joins
सिषक्ति:
—
TypeVerb
Rootससज्/सञ्ज् (धातु; वैदिक ‘सिषक्ति’ < √सज् ‘संयोगे/आसक्तौ’)
उषसम्Dawn
उषसम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootउषस् (प्रातिपदिक)
नlike, as
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
सूर्यःthe Sun
सूर्यः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
यःwho
यः:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
धृष्णुनाwith bold/impetuous (force)
धृष्णुना:
करण
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootधृष्णु (प्रातिपदिक) < √धृष् ‘साहसे/धर्षणे’
शवसाwith strength, with might
शवसा:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootशवस् (प्रातिपदिक) < √शू/श्वि (बल/वेग)
बाधतेpresses, smites, overcomes
बाधते:
—
TypeVerb
Root√बाध् (धातु) ‘पीडने/निवारणे’
तमःdarkness
तमः:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootतमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
इयर्तिsets in motion, drives forth
इयर्ति:
—
TypeVerb
Root√ईर्/√इर् (धातु) ‘प्रेरणे/गत्यर्थे’
रेणुम्dust, mist, fine particles
रेणुम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootरेणु (प्रातिपदिक)
बृहत्great, lofty
बृहत्:
कर्तृ (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootबृहत् (प्रातिपदिक) < √बृह् ‘वर्धने’
अर्हरिष्वणिःthe great one with worthy/strong tawny (horse-)sound; loud-neighing (Indra)
अर्हरिष्वणिः:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootअर्हरिष्वणि (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/कर्मधारय-समासः: ‘अर्ह’ + ‘हरि-स्वन’/‘हरि-ष्वणि’)
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