Rig Veda 1.5.2: Mandala 1, Sukta 5, Mantra 2

Sukta 1.5

Rishi: Madhucchandas Vaiśvāmitra (traditional for RV 1.1–1.11; thus for 1.5 as well)

Devata: Indra (invoked in the context of Soma)

Chandas: Gāyatrī (3×8 syllables typical of RV 1.5)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

पुरूतमं पुरूणामीशानं वार्याणाम् । इन्द्रं सोमे सचा सुते ॥

Transliteration

purūtamáṃ purūṇām īśā́naṃ vā́ryāṇām | índraṃ sóme sacā suté ||

Translation

インドラ――多くの中で最も豊かな者、選ばれし恵み（vāryāṇām）の主。搾られたソーマ（Soma）において、われらと共に（sacā）あれ、供物に寄り添え。

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Word by Word

• पुरूतमम्: most abundant / most bountiful
• पुरूतमम्: Karma (विशेष्य: इन्द्रम्) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुरु-तम (प्रातिपदिक: पुरु ‘many’ + तमप् प्रत्यय ‘superlative’)

• पुरूणाम्: of many (men/things)
• पुरूणाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive of relation) — ‘of many’
• Type: Noun/Adjective (genitive plural used substantively)
• Root: पुरु- (प्रातिपदिक)

• ईशानम्: the lord / ruler
• ईशानम्: Karma (विशेष्य: इन्द्रम्) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective (used as substantive)
• Root: ईशान- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ruling, lordly’)

• वार्याणाम्: of choice boons / treasures
• वार्याणाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive of domain) — ‘of desirable boons/treasures’
• Type: Noun
• Root: वार्य- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘choice, excellent, desirable goods/boons’)

• इन्द्रम्: Indra
• इन्द्रम्: Karma (object of implied ‘we invoke/praise’)
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र- (प्रातिपदिक)

• सोमे: in/at the Soma (pressing/rite)
• सोमे: Adhikaraṇa (locative: ‘in/at the Soma [rite/drink]’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम- (प्रातिपदिक)

• सचा: together with
• सचा: सह (associative) — ‘together with’
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सच् (अव्यय; Vedic adverb/preposition meaning ‘together with, in company with’)

• सुते: in the pressed (Soma) / when Soma is pressed
• सुते: Adhikaraṇa (locative: ‘when/where it is pressed’)
• Type: Kṛdanta (past passive participle used substantively)
• Root: सु- (धातु ‘to press/extract’ → क्त/क्तवत्-भावे; here locative of ‘suta’ ‘pressed’)