Rig Veda 1.22.3: Mandala 1, Sukta 22, Mantra 3

Sukta 1.22

Devata: Aśvins (dual)

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (4×8 syllables)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

या वां कशा मधुमत्यश्विना सूनृतावती । तया यज्ञं मिमिक्षतम् ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 1.22.3

Transliteration

yā vāṃ kaśā madhúmaty aśvinā sūnṛ́tāvatī | tayā yajñáṃ mimikṣatam ||

Translation

アシュヴィン双神よ、汝らのその手綱は——蜜のごとく甘く、真実の言葉（sūnṛtā）の力を帯びる——それによって我らの祭儀（yajña）を強め、調え、一つに結びて増大する供献の行為とならしめよ。

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Word by Word

• या: which (she/that)
• या: कर्तृ (of implied ‘is/exists’ referring to ‘कशा’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• वाम्: for you two / to you two
• वाम्: सम्प्रदान (for you two)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• कशा: whip, rein
• कशा: कर्तृ (subject: ‘the whip/rein’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कशा (prātipadika)

• मधुमती: honey-sweet, full of sweetness
• मधुमती: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मधुमत् (adj. prātipadika)

• अश्विना: O Aśvins
• अश्विना: सम्बोधन (address)
• Type: Noun (proper) / Vocative
• Root: अश्विन् (prātipadika; dual deity-name)

• सूनृतावती: possessing good/true speech, gracious
• सूनृतावती: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सूनृतावत् (adj. prātipadika)

• तया: with that (with her/therewith)
• तया: करण
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• यज्ञम्: sacrifice, rite
• यज्ञम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (prātipadika)

• मिमिक्षतम्: you two sprinkle/mix (it), moisten
• मिमिक्षतम्: क्रिया (addressed to Aśvins as agents)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मिह्/मिक्ष् (धातु; ‘to sprinkle/mix’, Vedic) → reduplicated present stem मि-मिक्ष्