Rig Veda 1.191.10: Mandala 1, Sukta 191, Mantra 10
Sukta 1.191
Rishi: Kutsa Āṅgirasa (traditional; see note above)
Devata: Sūrya/Āditya as healer and transmuter; also Madhu principle (Soma-like sweetness) invoked
Chandas: Jagatī or mixed (this verse is longer/complex; verify by syllable count in the pada-text)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
सूर्ये विषमा सजामि दृतिं सुरावतो गृहे । सो चिन्नु न मराति नो वयं मरामारे अस्य योजनं हरिष्ठा मधु त्वा मधुला चकार ॥
Transliteration
sū́rye víṣam ā́ sajāmi dṛ́tiṃ surā́vato gṛhé | só cit nú ná marāti nó vayáṃ marāma āré asyá yójanam hariṣṭhā́ mádhu tvā madhulā́ cakāra ||
Translation
われはこの毒を太陽へ投げ入れる、酒の家にある皮の袋へと。しかも彼は死なず——われらも死なず；それとの結びつきは遠くあれ。黄褐の光に据えられし者よ、蜜は汝を蜜のごとく甘くした；甘さが苦さに打ち勝つ。
Word by Word
सूर्येin/at the sun (sunlight)
सूर्ये:
अधिकारण
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक) / सूर्य-
विषमाuneven/irregular (things); harmful irregularities
विषमा:
कर्म
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootविषम (प्रातिपदिक)
सजामिI fasten/arrange; I set (them)
सजामि:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√सज् (सजति) / ‘to fasten, attach, set in order’
दृतिम्a skin-bag / leather vessel
दृतिम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootदृति (प्रातिपदिक) ‘leather-bag, skin, vessel’
सुरावतःof the surā-possessor / liquor-providing
सुरावतः:
सम्बन्ध
TypeAdjective
Rootसुरावत् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘having surā (liquor)’
गृहेin the house
गृहे:
अधिकारण
TypeNoun
Rootगृह (प्रातिपदिक)
सःhe/that (one)
सः:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
चित्indeed, even
चित्:
(निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचित् (निपात) अव्यय
नुnow; surely
नु:
(निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु (निपात) अव्यय
नnot
न:
(निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निषेध) अव्यय
मरातिdies
मराति:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√मृ (मरति) ‘to die’
नःfor us / of us
नः:
सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध (प्रसङ्गानुसार)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम)
वयम्we
वयम्:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम)
मरामwe die / may we die
मराम:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√मृ (म्रियते/मरति) ‘to die’
अरेO! hey!
अरे:
(सम्बोधन)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअरे (सम्बोधन-निपात) अव्यय
अस्यof this (one)
अस्य:
सम्बन्ध
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम)
योजनम्the yoking/connection; harnessing
योजनम्:
कर्म/विषय (प्रसङ्गानुसार)
TypeNoun
Rootयोजन (प्रातिपदिक) ‘yoking; harnessing; connection; measure’
हरिष्ठाmost tawny/golden (one)
हरिष्ठा:
कर्तृ/सम्बोधन (प्रसङ्गानुसार)
TypeAdjective (superlative-like)
Rootहरिष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक) ‘most tawny/yellow; very golden’
मधुhoney; sweetness
मधु:
कर्म/विशेषण
TypeNoun
Rootमधु (प्रातिपदिक)
त्वाyou (as object)
त्वा:
कर्म
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम)
मधुलाsweet, honeyed
मधुला:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootमधुल (प्रातिपदिक) ‘sweet, honeyed’
चकारhas made; made
चकार:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√कृ (करोति) ‘to do, make’
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