Rig Veda 1.186.3: Mandala 1, Sukta 186, Mantra 3
Sukta 1.186
Devata: Agni (primary); Varuṇa invoked as upholding ṛta; sūri as inspired leader-function
Chandas: Trishtubh (probable, based on RV 1.186 verse structure; requires pada-count verification)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
प्रेष्ठं वो अतिथिं गृणीषेऽग्निं शस्तिभिस्तुर्वणिः सजोषाः । असद्यथा नो वरुणः सुकीर्तिरिषश्च पर्षदरिगूर्तः सूरिः ॥
Transliteration
préṣṭhaṃ vo átithiṃ gṛṇīṣe’gníṃ śastíbhis turváṇiḥ sajóṣāḥ | asád yáthā no váruṇaḥ sukī́rtir íṣaś ca párṣad arigū́rtaḥ sū́riḥ ||
Translation
われは汝らのために、最も愛しき客人を讃う——アグニ（Agni）、迅き駆り立て手を。われらの讃詞（śasti）もて称え、同じ歓喜に和して。光明の名声をもつヴァルナ（Varuṇa）が、かくもわれらと共に在らんことを。さらに、よく導く先見者（sūri）が、敵対の抗いを越えて、充溢の衝動と滋養（iṣaḥ）へとわれらを渡さんことを。
Word by Word
प्रेष्ठम्the dearest / most beloved
प्रेष्ठम्:
कर्म
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रेष्ठ (प्र-इष्/इष् ‘to seek/strive’ > इष्ठ- superlative base; prātipadika प्रेष्ठ-)
वःof you / your
वः:
सम्बन्ध
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (enclitic pronoun)
अतिथिम्guest
अतिथिम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootअतिथि (prātipadika)
गृणीषेI praise / I sing
गृणीषे:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√गॄ (गिर्/गृ ‘to sing, praise’)
अग्निम्Agni
अग्निम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (prātipadika)
शस्तिभिःwith praises / with laudations
शस्तिभिः:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootशस्ति (from √शंस् ‘to praise’ > शस्ति ‘praise, laudation’)
तुर्वणिःthe impetuous one (Agni)
तुर्वणिः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun (epithet)
Rootतुर्वणि (prātipadika; epithet ‘impetuous/overpowering’)
सजोषाःin concord / of one accord
सजोषाः:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective
Rootसजोषस् (sa- + जोष ‘enjoyment, liking’; prātipadika)
असत्may it be
असत्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (to be)
यथाso that / as
यथा:
सम्बन्ध (उपमान/प्रकार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
नःof us / our
नः:
सम्बन्ध
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (enclitic pronoun)
वरुणःVaruṇa
वरुणः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootवरुण (prātipadika)
सुकीर्तिःgood fame / fair renown
सुकीर्तिः:
कर्तृ (in apposition/attribute)
TypeNoun
Rootसु-कीर्ति (सु + कीर्ति; prātipadika)
इषःrefreshments / invigorations
इषः:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootइष् (इष्/इषा ‘refreshment, strength, nourishment’; prātipadika इष्-)
चand
च:
समुच्चय
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
पर्षत्may (he) convey / bring (to us)
पर्षत्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√पॄ/पृ (to bring across, save, carry over)
अरिगूर्तःwelcomed by the nobles / approved against foes
अरिगूर्तः:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootअरि-गूर्त (अरि ‘enemy’ + गूर्त ‘welcomed/approved, praised’; prātipadika)
सूरिःpatron / benefactor
सूरिः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootसूरि (prātipadika)
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