Rig Veda 1.166.1: Mandala 1, Sukta 166, Mantra 1
Sukta 1.166
Rishi: Agastya Māna (traditional for RV 1.166)
Devata: Maruts (with implicit linkage to the 'Bull' power, often Indra)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
तन्नु वोचाम रभसाय जन्मने पूर्वं महित्वं वृषभस्य केतवे । ऐधेव यामन्मरुतस्तुविष्वणो युधेव शक्रास्तविषाणि कर्तन ॥
Transliteration
tán nu vocāma rabhasā́ya jánmane pū́rvaṁ mahitváṁ vṛṣabhásya ketáve | aidhéva yā́man marutas tuvi-sváṇo yudhéva śakrās taviṣā́ṇi kartana ||
Translation
いま我らは語ろう、激しき誕生を——光輝の徴（ketu）のために顕れる牡牛（Vṛṣabha）の原初の偉力を。轟く声威のマルト（Marut）よ、燃え立つ火の進みのごとく進み、勇士のごとく、強き者たちよ、汝らは力の業を鍛え成す。
Word by Word
तत्that (this matter)
तत्:
Karma (वाचामि इत्यस्य) / विषय-निर्देश
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
नुnow, indeed
नु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु (निपात)
वःto you / for you
वः:
Sampradāna (उद्देश्यः: ‘to you’)
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम)
वोचामlet us speak / we would declare
वोचाम:
— (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (वदने)
रभसायfor the impetuous/ardent (one)
रभसाय:
Sampradāna (जन्मने इत्यस्य विशेषण-सम्बन्धः) / प्रयोजन
TypeAdjective (used substantively) / Noun
Rootरभस (प्रातिपदिक)
जन्मनेfor (his) birth / manifestation
जन्मने:
Sampradāna (उद्देश्यः: ‘for the birth/manifestation’)
TypeNoun
Rootजन्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
पूर्वम्formerly, first
पूर्वम्:
Adhikaraṇa/विशेषण (काल/क्रम-निर्देश)
TypeAdjective/Adverb
Rootपूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
महित्वम्greatness, majesty
महित्वम्:
Karma (वोचाम इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootमहित्व (महत् + त्व)
वृषभस्यof the bull (mighty one)
वृषभस्य:
सम्बन्ध (के॒तवे इत्यस्य) / षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootवृषभ (प्रातिपदिक)
केतवेfor the sign/banner (radiance)
केतवे:
Sampradāna (उद्देश्यः: ‘for the banner/sign’)
TypeNoun
Rootकेतु (प्रातिपदिक)
ऐधेlike a blazing (fire)
ऐधे:
— (उपमा-निर्देश)
TypeKṛdanta (participle) used adverbially
Rootइध् (दीप्तौ/वर्धने) → ऐध (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
इवlike
इव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (उपमा-अव्यय)
यामन्in the course/way (of going)
यामन्:
Adhikaraṇa (मार्ग/अवसर)
TypeNoun
Rootयामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
मरुतःthe Maruts
मरुतः:
Kartā (स्तुति-विषय/कर्तृ)
TypeNoun
Rootमरुत् (प्रातिपदिक)
तुविष्वणःloud-roaring, mighty-sounding
तुविष्वणः:
Kartā-विशेषण
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootतुवि + स्वन (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/कर्मधारय)
युधाwith battle; in battle-wise manner
युधा:
Karaṇa/उपमा-निर्देश
TypeIndeclinable (instrumental adverb) / Noun-form
Rootयुध् (युद्धे) → युधा (अव्यय/तृतीया-रूप)
इवlike
इव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
शक्राःstrong, mighty
शक्राः:
Kartā-विशेषण
TypeAdjective (used as noun)
Rootशक्र (प्रातिपदिक)
स्तविषाणिstrong deeds/acts of might
स्तविषाणि:
Karma (कर्तन् इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootस्तविष (प्रातिपदिक)
कर्तनperform, accomplish (lit. cut/shape)
कर्तन:
— (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृत् (करणे)
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