Rig Veda 1.122.2: Mandala 1, Sukta 122, Mantra 2
Sukta 1.122
Devata: Uṣas–Naktā (Dawn and Night)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
पत्नीव पूर्वहूतिं वावृधध्या उषासानक्ता पुरुधा विदाने । स्तरीर्नात्कं व्युतं वसाना सूर्यस्य श्रिया सुदृशी हिरण्यैः ॥
Transliteration
patnī́va pūrváhūtiṁ vāvṛdhádhyai uṣásā́naktā purudhā́ vidā́ne | starī́r nā́tkaṁ vyùtaṁ vásānā sū́ryasya śriyā́ sudṛ́śī híraṇyaiḥ ||
Translation
妻が最初に呼ばれる歓喜を増し広げるように、ウシャス（暁）とナクタ（夜）は多様に知りつつ、古き呼びかけを育てる。広く張りわたる衣をまとい、太陽の栄光によって見目麗しく、黄金の姿で輝く—秩序ある交替をわれらのために開き示す。
Word by Word
पत्नीवत्like a wife; as (a devoted) wife
पत्नीवत्:
Adhikaraṇa (उपमान/रीतिवाचकः)
TypeAdjective/Adverbial
Rootपत्नीवत् (पत्नी + -वत्)
पूर्वहूतिम्the earlier/foremost invocation (ancient call)
पूर्वहूतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपूर्वहूति (पूर्व + हूति < √हू ‘to call/invoke’)
वावृधध्याmay I strengthen/increase
वावृधध्या:
Kartā (अहं—वक्ता/ऋषिः)
TypeVerb
Root√वृध् (वर्धने)
उषासाDawn (and)
उषासा:
Karma (वावृधध्या इत्यस्य—यौ स्तूयेताम्)
TypeNoun
Rootउषस्
नक्ताNight (together with Dawn)
नक्ता:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनक्त्/नक्तम् (नक्त-)
पुरुधाin many ways; variously
पुरुधा:
Adhikaraṇa (प्रकार/विधिवाचकः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरुधा
विदानेknowing; wise; discerning
विदाने:
Kartā (उषासा-नक्ता—कर्तृभावेन)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootविदान (√विद् ‘to know’ → ‘knowing/wise’)
स्तरीःspreading; covering
स्तरीः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootस्तरी (स्तॄ/स्तृ ‘to spread/strewn’ related; ‘covering/spreading’)
नात्कम्the darkness; the night-cover
नात्कम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनात्क (नक्त/नक्तम्-संबद्धः; ‘darkness/covering’)
व्यूतम्spread out; extended
व्यूतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootव्यूत (वि + √वे/√उ ‘to weave/spread apart’ → ‘spread out/extended’)
वसानाःwearing; clothing themselves
वसानाः:
Kartā
TypeParticiple
Root√वस् (आच्छादने) → वसान (शानच्)
सूर्यस्यof the Sun
सूर्यस्य:
Sambandha (genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य
श्रियाwith splendor/beauty
श्रिया:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootश्री
सुदृशीfair to see; beautiful
सुदृशी:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदृश् (सु + √दृश्)
हिरण्यैःwith golden (ornaments/rays)
हिरण्यैः:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootहिरण्य
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