Rig Veda 1.113.20: Mandala 1, Sukta 113, Mantra 20
Sukta 1.113
Rishi: Kutsa Āṅgirasa (traditional)
Devata: Uṣas (with Mitra-Varuṇa, Aditi, Sindhu, Pṛthivī, Dyauḥ invoked as confirmers)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यच्चित्रमप्न उषसो वहन्तीजानाय शशमानाय भद्रम् । तन्नो मित्रो वरुणो मामहन्तामदितिः सिन्धुः पृथिवी उत द्यौः ॥
Transliteration
yác citrám ápna uṣáso váhantījānā́ya śaśamānā́ya bhadrám | tán no mitró váruṇo māmahantām áditiḥ síndhuḥ pṛthivī́ utá dyáuḥ ||
Translation
ウシャス（Uṣas）たる暁の女神が、礼拝し努め励む者のために善きものとして運ぶ、あらゆる妙なる成就――それをミトラ（Mitra）とヴァルナ（Varuṇa）がわれらのために増し広げたまえ。さらにアディティ（Aditi）、流るるシンドゥ（Sindhu）、大地、そして天もまた。
Word by Word
यत्which/that (what)
यत्:
Karma (यच्चित्रम्… = ‘that which…’) / सम्बन्ध-निर्देशक
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) / यद्-शब्द
चित्रम्wondrous, bright
चित्रम्:
Karma (यत्…चित्रम् = ‘the wondrous (thing)’)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootचित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
अप्नःwork, deed, achievement
अप्नः:
Karma (चित्रम् अप्नः = ‘wondrous work/deed’)
TypeNoun
Rootअप्नस् (प्रातिपदिक)
उषसःof Uṣas (Dawn)
उषसः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive): ‘of Dawn’
TypeNoun
Rootउषस् (प्रातिपदिक)
वहन्तीcarrying, bringing
वहन्ती:
Kartā (उषसः … वहन्ती = ‘Dawn carrying/bringing’)
TypeParticiple
Rootवह् (धातु) → वहन्ती (वर्तमान कृदन्त/शतृ)
जानायfor the people / for the man
जानाय:
Sampradāna (recipient): ‘for the people/man’
TypeNoun
Rootजन (धातु) → जान (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक ‘जान’ = जनित/जन्मना-सम्बद्ध) अथवा ‘जन’ (समूह) से; वेदिक ‘जान’ = ‘जन/मनुष्य’
शशमानायfor the striving/active (worshipper)
शशमानाय:
Sampradāna (with जानाय): ‘for the striving/zealous (worshipper)’
TypeParticiple (used as noun/adjective)
Rootशम् (धातु) → शशमान (वेदिक वर्तमान कृदन्त; reduplicated/intensive-type present stem)
भद्रम्good, auspicious (boon)
भद्रम्:
Karma (what is brought): ‘good (boon)’
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootभद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
तत्that
तत्:
Karma (of मामहन्ताम्): ‘that (boon)’
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
नःfor us / to us
नः:
Sampradāna (to/for us) / सम्बन्ध
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम)
मित्रःMitra
मित्रः:
Kartā (of मामहन्ताम्): ‘Mitra’
TypeNoun (deity)
Rootमित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
वरुणःVaruṇa
वरुणः:
Kartā (co-agent with मित्रः): ‘Varuṇa’
TypeNoun (deity)
Rootवरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
मामहन्ताम्may they favor (us), may they magnify
मामहन्ताम्:
Kriyā (main verb): ‘may they favor/honor’
TypeVerb
Rootमह् (धातु ‘to honor, to magnify’) → मा- + महन्ताम् (वेदिक: desiderative/precative-like injunctive/imperative usage in 3rd pl.)
अदितिःAditi
अदितिः:
Kartā (additional subject of मामहन्ताम्)
TypeNoun (deity)
Rootअदिति (प्रातिपदिक)
सिन्धुःSindhu (river/ocean)
सिन्धुः:
Kartā (additional subject of मामहन्ताम्)
TypeNoun
Rootसिन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)
पृथिवीEarth
पृथिवी:
Kartā (additional subject of मामहन्ताम्)
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)
उतand, also
उत:
समुच्चय (coordination)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत (निपात)
द्यौःHeaven, Sky
द्यौः:
Kartā (additional subject of मामहन्ताम्)
TypeNoun
Rootद्यौ (प्रातिपदिक) / द्यौस्
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