Rig Veda 1.113.13: Mandala 1, Sukta 113, Mantra 13
Sukta 1.113
Rishi: Kutsa Āṅgirasa (traditionally for RV 1.113)
Devata: Uṣas (Dawn)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
शश्वत्पुरोषा व्युवास देव्यथो अद्येदं व्यावो मघोनी । अथो व्युच्छादुत्तराँ अनु द्यूनजरामृता चरति स्वधाभिः ॥
Transliteration
śáśvat puróṣā vyùvāsa devy átho adyédáṁ vyā́vo maghóni | átho vyùcchād úttarāṁ ánu dyū́n ajárāmṛ́tā carati svadhā́bhiḥ ||
Translation
太古より曙（ウシャス）は女神として輝き出で、今日もまた、恵み深き者よ、汝はこの世界をあらわにした。彼女は明け放たれるや、後に続く日々へと進む――老いず、死せず――自らの本有の力（svadhā）によって。
Word by Word
शश्वत्always, continually
शश्वत्:
Adhikaraṇa (कालवाचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशश्वत् (अव्यय/नित्यत्वार्थक) < PIE *sekw-? (परम्परया)
पुरःbefore, in front
पुरः:
Adhikaraṇa (दिशा/क्रम)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरस् (अव्यय/उपसर्गसदृश; ‘पूर्वे’)
उषाःDawn (Uṣas)
उषाः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootउषस् (प्रातिपदिक) देवी उषा
विapart, forth (prefix)
वि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि (उपसर्ग)
उवासhas dwelt / has shone forth (Vedic perfect)
उवास:
—
TypeVerb
Root√वस् (वस् निवासे/वसने; वैदिक: ‘उवास’ = परोक्षभूत)
देवीthe goddess
देवी:
Kartā (उषाः-समनाधिकरण)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootदेवी (देव- प्रातिपदिक)
अथोand then, moreover
अथो:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथो (अथ + उ; निपात)
अद्यtoday, now
अद्य:
Adhikaraṇa (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य (अव्यय)
इदम्this (world/space)
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम)
विapart, widely (prefix)
वि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि (उपसर्ग)
आवःhas made manifest / has opened (spread out)
आवः:
—
TypeVerb
Root√अव् (अव रक्षणे/गत्यर्थे; वैदिक प्रयोग: ‘आवः’)
मघोनीthe bountiful one
मघोनी:
Kartā (उषाः-समनाधिकरण)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootमघोनी (मघवन्/मघ- ‘दान/समृद्धि’ से; उषसः विशेषणम्)
अथोand further
अथो:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथो (निपात)
विforth (prefix)
वि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि (उपसर्ग)
उच्छात्she has dawned / shone up
उच्छात्:
—
TypeVerb
Root√उष्/√वस्? (वैदिक: √वस्/√उष् ‘प्रकाशे’; ‘उच्छात्’ = लुङ् 3sg, ‘उद्+छा/उष्’ परम्परया ‘उदित’)
उत्up, forth
उत्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत् (उपसर्ग/निपात)
तरान्later, following
तरान्:
Karma (अनु-गमनस्य)
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तर (प्रातिपदिक) ‘higher, later’
अनुafter, along
अनु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
द्यून्days
द्यून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्युन्/दिव् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘दिन’)
अजरामृताunaging, immortal
अजरामृता:
Kartā (उषाः-समनाधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअजरा-अमृता (अ-जर + अ-मृत; समास)
चरतिmoves, proceeds
चरति:
—
TypeVerb
Root√चर् (चर गतौ)
स्वधाभिःby her own powers/ordinances
स्वधाभिः:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधा (प्रातिपदिक; ‘स्व-धा’ = own power/ordinance; वैदिक: पितृ-स्वधा/देव-स्वधा)
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