Valmiki Ramayana 2.4.34 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 4, Shloka 34

अयोध्याकाण्डे चतुर्थः सर्गः

Rāma Summoned; Pushya Coronation Decision

Devanagari script

तथा सनियमामेव सोऽभिगम्याभिवाद्य च।उवाच वचनं रामो हर्षयंस्तामनिन्दिताम्।।2.4.34।।

Transliteration

tathā sa-niyamām eva so ’bhigamyābhivādya ca | uvāca vacanaṃ rāmo harṣayaṃs tām aninditām || 2.4.34 ||

Translation

彼女が戒律ある修行に没しているところへ、ラーマは近づき、礼拝してから、非の打ちどころなきその御方の喜びを増す言葉を語った。

Word by Word

• तथा: thus, in that manner
• तथा: Sambandha (manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (in that manner)

• सनियमाम्: observing religious discipline
• सनियमाम्: Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण; tām)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स + नियम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः ‘नियमयुक्ताम्’ = ‘observing vows/discipline’

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्यय

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अभिगम्य: having approached
• अभिगम्य: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-√गम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive), ‘having approached’

• अभिवाद्य: having saluted
• अभिवाद्य: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-√वद् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive), ‘having saluted’

• च: and
• च: Sambandha
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• वचनम्: words, speech
• वचनम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• रामः: Rama
• रामः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• हर्षयन्: gladdening
• हर्षयन्: Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हृष् (धातु) → हर्षयत् (कृदन्त; णिच् causative)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘causing to rejoice’

• ताम्: her
• ताम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• अनिन्दिताम्: blameless
• अनिन्दिताम्: Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-निन्दित (प्रातिपदिक; √निन्द् क्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त) used adjectivally; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ताम्-विशेषण ‘blameless’

Context

While she (Kausalya) was in that state of meditation, Rama approached her, offered reverential salutation and said these words of praise enhancing her joy:

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Kauśalyā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma of reverence and right speech: Rāma honors his mother’s spiritual practice and speaks in a way that uplifts, reflecting truthful and compassionate conduct.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma comes to Kauśalyā while she is observing prayerful discipline, salutes her, and begins speaking.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s courtesy and sensitivity—he approaches with respect and gladdens his mother through considerate words.