Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 33, Shloka 3

त्रयस्त्रिंशः सर्गः

Civic Lament and Rama’s Dutiful Approach to Daśaratha

Devanagari script

ततः प्रासादहर्म्याणि विमानशिखराणि च।अधिरुह्य जनश्श्रीमानुदासीनो व्यलोकयत्।।।।

Transliteration

tataḥ prāsādaharmyāṇi vimānaśikharāṇi ca | adhiruhya janaḥ śrīmān udāsīno vyalokayat ||

Translation

そのとき、富み栄える人々は宮殿や邸宅、重なる楼の高き露台と頂に登り、悲しみに沈んだ重い心のまま、どこか突き放したように見つめた。

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: कालाधिकरण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय

• प्रासादहर्म्याणि: palaces and mansions
• प्रासादहर्म्याणि: कर्म (object of adhiruhya)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रासाद + हर्म्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; द्वन्द्वः (‘palaces and mansions’)

• विमानशिखराणि: the tops/terraces of lofty buildings
• विमानशिखराणि: कर्म (object of adhiruhya)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विमान + शिखर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (‘of vimānas/buildings’ + ‘tops/terraces’)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• अधिरुह्य: having climbed
• अधिरुह्य: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: अधि-√रुह् (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त)
• Form: ल्यबन्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund); अर्थः ‘having climbed/ascended’

• जनः: the people
• जनः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सामूहिकार्थे (collective)

• श्रीमान्: prosperous/splendid
• श्रीमान्: कर्ता-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रीमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; जनः इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्

• उदासीनः: sad/indifferent
• उदासीनः: कर्ता-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उदासीन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; जनः इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्

• व्यलोकयत्: looked at/observed
• व्यलोकयत्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-√लोक् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

Context

Such were the various words uttered by the people. Even after hearing them his (Rama's) mind remained unmoved (from his resolve).

Characters & Entities

• Ayodhyā (implied)
• Rāma (implied as the one being watched)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse reflects collective moral concern: society grieves when dharma in the kingdom appears disturbed (Rāma’s altered public state), showing how public life in the epic is ethically charged.

What is the narrative situation?

As Rāma proceeds amid extraordinary tension in Ayodhyā, crowds cannot move freely in the packed streets and instead climb buildings to watch events unfold.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Indirectly, it emphasizes civic loyalty and attentiveness—citizens closely observe the righteous prince, emotionally invested in dharma’s outcome.