Atharva Veda 4.19.4: Kanda 4, Anuvaka 2, Sukta 19, Mantra 4

Sukta 19

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

यद॒दो दे॒वा असु॑रां॒स्त्वयाग्रे॑ नि॒रकु॑र्वत । तत॒स्त्वमध्यो॑षधेऽपामा॒र्गो अ॑जायथाः

IAST Transliteration

yád adó devā́ ásurāṁs tváyā́gre nír akurvata | tátas tvám ádhy oṣadhe ’pāmā́rgo ajāyathāḥ ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

When yonder, in the beginning, the Gods by thee thrust forth the Asuras, thence wast thou born, O Herb, as Apāmārga.

Translation

かの初めに、神々が汝によって阿修羅（アスラ, Asura）を押し退け追い払ったとき、そこから汝は、薬草よ、アパーマールガ（Apāmārga）として生まれた。

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Word by Word

• यत्: which/that (what)
• यत्: Karma (यत्-तत् सम्बन्धे ‘that which’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अदः: that (yonder/that thing)
• अदः: Karma (यत्-तत् सम्बन्धे ‘that’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अदस् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• देवाः: the gods
• देवाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• असुरान्: the Asuras
• असुरान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: असुर (प्रातिपदिक)

• त्वया: by you / with you
• त्वया: Karaṇa (सहायक/साधन-भावे) / सहकर्ता
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अग्रे: in front; at the beginning
• अग्रे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun (used adverbially)
• Root: अग्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• निर्: out, away (forth)
• निर्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (prefix)
• Root: निस्/निर् (उपसर्ग)

• अकुर्वत: they made/did
• अकुर्वत: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)

• ततः: then; from that
• ततः: Adhikaraṇa (क्रम/काल-निर्देश) / हेतु-क्रम
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रभव अव्यय)

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अधि: upon; over
• अधि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अधि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• ओषधे: O herb/medicinal plant
• ओषधे: सम्बोधन (address) / (प्रयोगे) Adhikaraṇa-सम्बन्धः
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: ओषधि (प्रातिपदिक)

• अपामार्गः: Apāmārga (Achyranthes aspera)
• अपामार्गः: Kartā (अजायथाः इत्यस्य कर्ता) / विधेय-नाम
• Type: Noun (proper/common plant-name)
• Root: अपामार्ग (प्रातिपदिक)

• अजायथाः: you were born; you arose
• अजायथाः: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: जन् (धातु)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition

Devata: Apāmārga (oṣadhi) with Asura-expelling power

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh

Mantra Rasa

Primary: vira

Secondary: shanta