Rig Veda Sukta 125
Mandala 1Sukta 1257 Mantras

Sukta 125

Sukta 1.125

Rishi

Attribution varies in tradition for RV 1.125; commonly linked to themes of Dakṣiṇā and giving (check recension-specific Anukramaṇī).

Chandas

Triṣṭubh (probable)

RV 1.125 praises Dakṣiṇā—the sacred potency of the gift—showing how giving and right reception generate prosperity, increase life and lineage, and draw nourishing currents of abundance. The hymn frames dāna as a law of ṛta: the generous are protected and enriched, while the non-giver is enclosed by sorrow and social-spiritual diminishment.

Recitation with translationRig Veda 1.125

In this hymn

Addressed to

  • Dakshina / DanaMantras 1, 4-7Dakṣiṇā / Dāna (the power of the gift) with Indra appearing in later verses (hymn centers on the law of giving-receiving)

    Dakṣiṇā is presented as the efficacious force that accompanies yajña and generosity: she “places the treasure,” is rightly received by the discerning, and causes streams of sweetness (like rivers and ghee) to flow toward the giver and sacrificer.

  • IndraMantra 2Indra (explicit), with prātaritṛ as functional power of dawn-giving

Mantras

Mantra 1

प्राता रत्नं प्रातरित्वा दधाति तं चिकित्वान्प्रतिगृह्या नि धत्ते । तेन प्रजां वर्धयमान आयू रायस्पोषेण सचते सुवीरः ॥

सुबह होने पर एक रत्न मिलता है जो सही है। जो समझदार है वोह उसे अपने पास रख लेता है। इस्से उसकी औलाद बढ़ती है और उम्र भी। वोह अमीर हो के बड़े लोगों के साथ रहता है।

Mantra 2

सुगुरसत्सुहिरण्यः स्वश्वो बृहदस्मै वय इन्द्रो दधाति । यस्त्वायन्तं वसुना प्रातरित्वो मुक्षीजयेव पदिमुत्सिनाति ॥

जो इंसान भगवान इंद्र को पूजा, उसके पास गाए, पानी, सोना और घोड़े सब मिलता है। इंद्र उसके लिए एक बड़ा रास्ता खुलता है जहाँ से आगे बढ़ सकता है। जो सुबह-सुबह तुम्हारे पास आता है और कुछ अपने साथ लाता है, वो अपने पाँव के नीचे का रास्ता साफ करता है जैसे कोई बंधन तोड़ के आज़ाद हो।

Mantra 3

आयमद्य सुकृतं प्रातरिच्छन्निष्टेः पुत्रं वसुमता रथेन । अंशोः सुतं पायय मत्सरस्य क्षयद्वीरं वर्धय सूनृताभिः ॥

आज वो आदमी अच्छा काम ढूँढ़ने आता है, जैसे कोई बेटा अपने बाप के पास आता है। वो ऐसी गाड़ी में आता है जिसमें धन-पैसा भरा है। उसको वो पेय पिलाओ जो भगवान के लिए बनाया जाता है, जो खुशी देता है। इससे उसकी ताकत बढ़ती है और वो सच्चाई के साथ आगे बढ़ता है।

Mantra 4

उप क्षरन्ति सिन्धवो मयोभुव ईजानं च यक्ष्यमाणं च धेनवः । पृणन्तं च पपुरिं च श्रवस्यवो घृतस्य धारा उप यन्ति विश्वतः ॥

जैसे नदियाँ पानी ले के आती हैं, वैसे ही भगवान की दया उसके पास आती है जो पूजा करता है और भगवान को समर्पित होता है। जो लोग दूसरों को देता है और जो सुनने को तैयार रहता है, उनके पास घी की धार जैसे चमकदार रोशनी सब तरफ से आती है।

Mantra 5

नाकस्य पृष्ठे अधि तिष्ठति श्रितो यः पृणाति स ह देवेषु गच्छति । तस्मा आपो घृतमर्षन्ति सिन्धवस्तस्मा इयं दक्षिणा पिन्वते सदा ॥

जो इंसान दूसरों को देता है और उनकी ज़रूरत पूरी करता है, वो आसमान के सबसे ऊपर खड़ा रहता है। वो भगवान के पास जाता है। उसके लिए पानी घी जैसा चमकदार बनता है, नदियाँ उसके पास आती हैं। जो कुछ भी दान में मिलता है वो उसके लिए बढ़ता रहता है।

Mantra 6

दक्षिणावतामिदिमानि चित्रा दक्षिणावतां दिवि सूर्यासः । दक्षिणावन्तो अमृतं भजन्ते दक्षिणावन्तः प्र तिरन्त आयुः ॥

जो लोग दान करते हैं, उनके लिए चमत्कार होते हैं। जो दान करते हैं, उनके लिए सूरज आसमान में चमकता है। जो दान करते हैं वो अमृत पाते हैं, वो कभी नहीं मरते। उनकी ज़िंदगी आगे बढ़ती है, कोई सीमा नहीं होती।

Mantra 7

मा पृणन्तो दुरितमेन आरन्मा जारिषुः सूरयः सुव्रतासः । अन्यस्तेषां परिधिरस्तु कश्चिदपृणन्तमभि सं यन्तु शोकाः ॥

जो लोग पूरा करते हैं, उनको बुराई नहीं छेड़िए। जो सही रास्ते पे चलते हैं, उनकी चमक मत मिटाइए। उनके आस-पास कोई और दीवार बना दो। पर जो देता नहीं, जो पूरा नहीं करता, उसके पास दुख आ के जमा हो जाए।

Inside Sukta 125

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    At dawn the ‘treasure’ of right gain is set forth; the discerning receiver accepts and establishes it inwardly and outwardly.

  2. Development

    Giving and right reception are shown to increase progeny and life, while abundance is imaged as rivers, milch-cows, and streams of ghṛta converging on the sacrificer who fulfils.

  3. Climax

    The vision of universal inflow—sweet rivers and ghṛta-streams coming from every side—portrays dakṣiṇā as a cosmic circulation of nourishment responding to generosity.

  4. Where it settles

    A protective boundary is invoked for the fulfiller/giver; grief and constriction are assigned to the non-giver, closing the hymn with a moral-spiritual verdict.

The deity: Dakṣiṇā, with Indra appearing implicitly/secondarily

  • Cosmic functionShe regulates circulation of wealth, merit, and vitality between humans and gods—ensuring that offering and recompense, giving and receiving, remain aligned with ṛta.
  • Inner significanceCultivation of generosity, gratitude, and right receptivity; the inner discipline of releasing hoarding, trusting lawful return, and sustaining community through reciprocity.

The seer

  • Anukramaṇī-variant; commonly associated with Dakṣiṇā (gift) traditionThis sukta’s attribution varies across recensions and anukramaṇīs; it is chiefly notable for articulating Dakṣiṇā as an impersonal, quasi-deified power that governs reciprocity in sacrifice and society.

Famous verses

प्राता रत्नं प्रातरित्वा दधाति तं चिकित्वान्प्रतिगृह्या नि धत्ते । तेन प्रजां वर्धयमान आयू रायस्पोषेण सचते सुवीरः ॥
Verse 1.125.1Programmatic statement: the ‘treasure’ is placed at dawn, rightly received, and becomes the means of increase—linking dakṣiṇā with longevity, progeny, and prosperity.Read verse 1.125.1 →
उप क्षरन्ति सिन्धवो मयोभुव ईजानं च यक्ष्यमाणं च धेनवः । पृणन्तं च पपुरिं च श्रवस्यवो घृतस्य धारा उप यन्ति विश्वतः ॥
Verse 1.125.4Central imagery of reciprocity: rivers of sweetness, milking powers, and streams of ghṛta flow toward the worshipper who sacrifices and fulfils—an iconic depiction of abundance responding to dāna.Read verse 1.125.4 →
मा पृणन्तो दुरितमेन आरन्मा जारिषुः सूरयः सुव्रतासः । अन्यस्तेषां परिधिरस्तु कश्चिदपृणन्तमभि सं यन्तु शोकाः ॥
Verse 1.125.7Ethical seal of the hymn: protection from sin/harm for givers and enclosure of sorrow for the non-giver, expressing dakṣiṇā as a law of ṛta rather than mere charity.Read verse 1.125.7 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Sacrificial fee and sacred gift
  • Reciprocity (giving–receiving) aligned with ṛta
  • Bestower of prosperity (rāyas, poṣa) and increase of life/lineage
  • Protective boundary for the generous
  • Ethical discriminator: joy for givers, grief for non-givers

Also by this seer

  • Attribution is not stable; recension-specific anukramaṇī traditions should be consulted for any broader corpus assignment.
  • Thematic linkage: hymns on dāna/dakṣiṇā and sacrificial economy in early Maṇḍala 1 contexts.

The rite, step by step

  • Saṅkalpa: intention to give as an act of ṛta (not mere transaction).
  • Agni-kindling and brief offering to establish the rite (as applicable to the ceremony).
  • Recite the sukta to invoke Dakṣiṇā as the power that makes the gift fruitful for giver and receiver.
  • Physically present the dakṣiṇā (gift/fee) with respectful address and right reception by the recipient.
  • Concluding blessing: protection for the generous and restraint from miserliness; dedicate fruit to welfare and longevity.

Offerings

  • Dakṣiṇā: cattle, gold, food-grain, garments, or agreed sacrificial fee
  • Ghṛta (ghee) and standard oblations when integrated into a fire rite
  • Water/libation as a symbol of flowing abundance

Frequently Asked Questions

Dakṣiṇā is the sacred potency of the gift—especially the sacrificial fee—treated as a power that makes giving effective and fruitful for both giver and receiver.

Yes. It presents generosity and right reception as a law of order (ṛta): the giver is strengthened in prosperity, life, and social honor, and abundance “flows” toward them.

Because withholding breaks the cycle that sustains sacrifice and society. The hymn says grief and constriction close in on the one who refuses to fulfil their share.

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