Rig Veda 3.39.4 — Mandala 3, Sukta 39, Mantra 4
Sukta 3.39
Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional attribution for RV 3)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
नकिरेषां निन्दिता मर्त्येषु ये अस्माकं पितरो गोषु योधाः । इन्द्र एषां दृंहिता माहिनावानुद्गोत्राणि ससृजे दंसनावान् ॥
Transliteration
ná kir eṣāṁ ninditā́ mártyeṣu yé asmā́kaṁ pítaro góṣu yodhā́ḥ | índra eṣāṁ dṛṁhitā́ mā́hināvān úd gotrā́ṇi sasṛje daṁsanā́vān ||
Translation
None among mortals can reproach those—our fathers—who were warriors in the Light (the Cows). Indra, mighty in his greatness, made them firm and released upward the hidden herds (the enclosed rays) by his power of effective deed.
Word by Word
नकि॑ःno one, none
नकि॑ः:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनकिस् (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *ne-kʷis?
एषाम्of these (men)
एषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
निन्दिताblamed, reproached
निन्दिता:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (of ‘पितरः’)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Root√निन्द् (निन्दने) → निन्दित (कृदन्त)
मर्त्येषुamong mortals
मर्त्येषु:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त्य (प्रातिपदिक) < √मृ (मरणे)
येwho
ये:
सम्बन्ध/अन्वय (relative; subject)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अस्माकम्of us, our
अस्माकम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
पितरःfathers, forefathers
पितरः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
गोषुamong/for the cows; in the cattle (raids)
गोषु:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
योधाःwarriors
योधाः:
कर्तृ-समनाधिकरण (apposition to ‘पितरः’)
TypeNoun
Rootयोध (प्रातिपदिक) < √युध् (युधे) अथवा √युज् (योजने) से व्युत्पत्ति-परम्परा
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
एषाम्of these (men)
एषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
दृंहिताmade firm/strong; strengthened
दृंहिता:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (of ‘इन्द्रः’)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Root√दृंह्/दृह् (दृंहणे ‘to make firm/strong’) → दृंहित (कृदन्त)
माहिनावान्mighty, possessing greatness
माहिनावान्:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (of ‘इन्द्रः’)
TypeAdjective
Rootमाहिनावन्त् (प्रातिपदिक) < महीना/महीन (might, greatness)
अनुद्गोत्राणिthe cattle-pens/enclosures (one after another)
अनुद्गोत्राणि:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootअनु- + उद्गोत्र (प्रातिपदिक); उद्गोत्र = ‘उद्-गोत्र’ (cattle-enclosure/pen; cattle-stall)
ससृजेhe released/created
ससृजे:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√सृज् (सर्जने ‘to let loose, create, set free’)
दंसनावान्wonder-working, skillful
दंसनावान्:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (of ‘इन्द्रः’)
TypeAdjective
Rootदंसनावन्त् (प्रातिपदिक) < दंसना (wonder-work, skill, miraculous power)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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