Rig Veda 3.39.2: Mandala 3, Sukta 39, Mantra 2

Sukta 3.39

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional attribution for RV 3)

Devata: Indra (with emphasis on dhī/mati as the operative inspired power in the hymn)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

दिवश्चिदा पूर्व्या जायमाना वि जागृविर्विदथे शस्यमाना । भद्रा वस्त्राण्यर्जुना वसाना सेयमस्मे सनजा पित्र्या धीः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 3.39.2

Transliteration

diváś cidā́ pū́rvyā́ jā́yamānā ví jā́gṛvir vidáthe śasyámānā | bhadrā́ vástrāṇy arjúnā vásānā sā́yám asmē saná-jā́ pitryā́ dhī́ḥ ||

Translation

Even from the heaven she is born, ancient yet ever-new; wakeful she widens in the session of seeking when she is voiced. Wearing auspicious bright raiment, this ancestral-born Insight—age-old in the fathers—becomes ours here.

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Word by Word

• दिवः: of heaven, of the sky
• दिवः: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव् (प्रातिपदिक: दिव्/द्यौ ‘स्वर्ग’)

• चित्: indeed, even
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (अव्यय)

• आ: towards, forth
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• पूर्व्या: ancient, former
• पूर्व्या: कर्तृ (with implied subject ‘धीः’ later)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• जायमाना: being born, coming into being
• जायमाना: कर्तृ (describing the subject)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: जन् (धातु) + शानच्

• वि: apart, forth, widely
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• जागृविः: wakeful, vigilant
• जागृविः: कर्तृ (epithet of the subject)
• Type: Adjective (participle-like)
• Root: जागृ (धातु √जागृ ‘to be awake’) / ‘जागृवस्’ (प्रातिपदिक)

• विदथे: in the rite/assembly (vidatha)
• विदथे: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: विदथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• शस्यमाना: being praised, being recited
• शस्यमाना: कर्तृ (describing the subject)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: शंस् (धातु) + यमान (मध्य/आत्मनेपद कृदन्त)

• भद्रा: auspicious, good
• भद्रा: कर्म (object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भद्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• वस्त्राणि: garments
• वस्त्राणि: कर्म (with ‘वसाना’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वस्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अर्जुना: bright/white, shining
• अर्जुना: कर्म (object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अर्जुन (प्रातिपदिक)

• वसाना: wearing, clothed in
• वसाना: कर्तृ (describing the subject)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: वस् (धातु ‘to wear’) + शानच्

• सा: she
• सा: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• इयम्: this (one)
• इयम्: कर्तृ (apposition to ‘सा’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्मे: to us
• अस्मे: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सनजा: from ancient times, of old
• सनजा: —
• Type: Indeclinable/Adverbial (Vedic)
• Root: सनज (प्रातिपदिक; ‘from of old, primeval’)

• पित्र्या: ancestral, of the fathers
• पित्र्या: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पितृय (प्रातिपदिक; ‘paternal, ancestral’)

• धीः: thought, insight, sacred inspiration
• धीः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: धी (प्रातिपदिक)