Rig Veda 10.113.1: Mandala 10, Sukta 113, Mantra 1

Sukta 10.113

Devata: Indra (supported by Dyāvā-Pṛthivī and Viśve Devāḥ)

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; requires verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

तमस्य द्यावापृथिवी सचेतसा विश्वेभिर्देवैरनु शुष्ममावताम् । यदैत्कृण्वानो महिमानमिन्द्रियं पीत्वी सोमस्य क्रतुमाँ अवर्धत ॥

Transliteration

tám asya dyā́vāpṛthivī́ sa-cétasā víśvebhir deváir ánu śúṣmam āvatām | yád ait kṛṇvānáḥ mahimā́nam indriyáṃ pītvī́ sómasya krátumān avardhata ||

Translation

ขอให้ฟ้าและแผ่นดินพร้อมใจกัน กับเทพทั้งปวง จงเกื้อหนุนพลังของเขา; เมื่อเขาออกไปก่อรูปความยิ่งใหญ่แห่งอำนาจอินทริยะ (พลังแห่งอินทรา) ครั้นได้ดื่มโสมะ (Soma) แล้ว ผู้มีเจตจำนงอันรู้แจ้งนั้นก็เพิ่มพูนกำลังขึ้น.

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Word by Word

• तमस्य: of him/that (of the dark one / of that one)
• तमस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: तम (प्रातिपदिक) + -स्य (षष्ठी) अथवा तद्-प्रातिपदिकस्य (तस्मिन्/तस्य) वैदिक-रूप

• द्यावापृथिवी: Heaven and Earth
• द्यावापृथिवी: कर्तृ (with verb ‘अवताम्’)
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: द्याव् (दिव्) + पृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक) (द्वन्द्व समास)

• सचेतसा: in concord / with one intent
• सचेतसा: करण/सहभाव (in accord, jointly)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स-चेतस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘having one mind/being in accord’)

• विश्वेभिः: with all
• विश्वेभिः: सह/करण (with)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: विश्व (सर्व) (प्रातिपदिक)

• देवैः: the gods
• देवैः: सह/करण (with)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• अनु: along / after / in accordance with
• अनु: उपपद-सम्बन्ध (following/along)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• शुष्मम्: might, vigor
• शुष्मम्: कर्म (object of ‘अवताम्’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शुष्म (प्रातिपदिक)

• अवताम्: let the two help/strengthen
• अवताम्: क्रिया (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अव् (रक्षण-गमनादि; here ‘to help/protect/strengthen’)

• यत्: when/that which
• यत्: सम्बन्ध (relative connector)
• Type: Pronoun (relative)
• Root: यद् (सम्बन्ध-प्रातिपदिक)

• एत्: this
• एत्: सम्बन्ध/निर्देश (deictic)
• Type: Pronoun/Particle
• Root: एतद् (प्रातिपदिक; enclitic/particle-like in Vedic)

• कृण्वानः: doing, making
• कृण्वानः: कर्तृ (of the participial action; referring to Indra)
• Type: Participle
• Root: √कृ (करणे) → कृण्वान (शतृ-प्रत्यय, वर्तमान कृदन्त)

• महिमानम्: greatness, majesty
• महिमानम्: कर्म (object of ‘कृण्वानः’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महिमन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्रियम्: Indra’s (mighty) / pertaining to Indra
• इन्द्रियम्: विशेषण (qualifier of ‘महिमानम्’)
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: इन्द्रिय (प्रातिपदिक; ‘belonging to Indra/Indra-like power’)

• पीत्वी: having drunk
• पीत्वी: पूर्वकाल (prior action to main verb)
• Type: Gerund
• Root: √पा (पाने) → पीत्वी (क्त्वा/ल्यप्-प्रत्यय का वैदिक रूप)

• सोमस्य: of Soma
• सोमस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive with ‘पीत्वी’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम (प्रातिपदिक)

• क्रतुमान्: possessing resolve/wise
• क्रतुमान्: कर्तृ (with ‘अवर्धत’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रतु-मत् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘possessing resolve/insight’)

• अवर्धत: grew, increased
• अवर्धत: क्रिया (main verb of second clause)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृध् (वर्धने)