Rig Veda 7.39.2: Mandala 7, Sukta 39, Mantra 2

Sukta 7.39

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha

Devata: Vāyu and Pūṣan (with general arrival of gods)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्र वावृजे सुप्रया बर्हिरेषामा विश्पतीव बीरिट इयाते । विशामक्तोरुषसः पूर्वहूतौ वायुः पूषा स्वस्तये नियुत्वान् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 7.39.2

Transliteration

prá vāvṛje su-prayā́ bárhir eṣām ā́ viśpátīva bī́riṭa iyāte | viśā́m aktór uṣásaḥ pū́rva-hūtau vāyúḥ pū́ṣā svastáye niyutvā́n ||

Translation

The sacred seat (barhis) has been spread out in a fair order for them; like two lords of the clan they come to the firm place. For the peoples, at the meeting of Night and Dawn, first-invoked, Vāyu and Pūṣan arrive yoked for our well-being.

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Word by Word

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• वावृजे: has turned/has set forth
• वावृजे: Kartā (implicit subject = ‘she/it’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृज् (वृजति/वृञ्जते) "to turn/choose, set in motion" (Vedic)

• सुप्रया: with good onward course; well-advancing
• सुप्रया: Viśeṣaṇa (of the subject) / Karaṇa nuance
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु- + प्रया (प्रया < प्र-√इ/√या ‘going, course’; as prātipadika) অথবা ‘good advance/leading’

• बर्हिः: the sacred grass (barhis)
• बर्हिः: Kartā (subject) / also ritual instrumentality
• Type: Noun
• Root: बर्हिस् (prātipadika)

• एषाम्: of these
• एषाम्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद् (sarvanāman)

• आ: towards, unto
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (upasarga)

• विश्पतीव: like two lords of the clan
• विश्पतीव: Upamā (simile) qualifying the motion/approach
• Type: Noun + Indeclinable
• Root: विश्पति (viś-páti) ‘lord of the clan/settlement’ + इव

• बीरिट्: Bīriṭ (a name/epithet)
• बीरिट्: Kartā (subject of इयाते) / apposition
• Type: Noun
• Root: बीरिट् (Vedic prātipadika; epithet/name, often taken as a proper/rare word)

• इयाते: goes, comes, advances
• इयाते: Kriyā (main verb); Kartā = बीरिट्
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या (याति) with preverb(s) implied by context

• विशाम्: of the peoples/clans
• विशाम्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: विश् (prātipadika) ‘clan, people’

• अक्तोः: of the night
• अक्तोः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: अक्ति (prātipadika) ‘night’ (Vedic; cf. √अञ्ज् ‘to smear’ > ‘darkening’)

• उषसः: the Dawns
• उषसः: Kartā (co-subject with following deities) / or appositional
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस् (prātipadika)

• पूर्वहूतौ: at/with the two earlier-invoked (ones)
• पूर्वहूतौ: Adhikaraṇa (locative setting) / epithet of the pair
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: पूर्व- + हूत (ppp of √ह्वा/√हू ‘to call, invoke’)

• वायुः: Vāyu
• वायुः: Kartā (named deity) / apposition
• Type: Noun
• Root: वायु (prātipadika)

• पूषा: Pūṣan
• पूषा: Kartā (named deity) / apposition
• Type: Noun
• Root: पूषन् (prātipadika)

• स्वस्तये: for well-being
• स्वस्तये: Sampradāna (purpose/benefit)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वस्ति (prātipadika)

• नियुत्वान्: having a yoked team; team-possessing
• नियुत्वान्: Viśeṣaṇa (of वायुः) / Kartā-qualifier
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नियुत्वन्त् (from नियुत् ‘yoking, team’ + -वत् possessive)