Rig Veda 4.54.2: Mandala 4, Sukta 54, Mantra 2
Sukta 4.54
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional)
Devata: Savitṛ
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; verify in critical metrical listing)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
देवेभ्यो हि प्रथमं यज्ञियेभ्योऽमृतत्वं सुवसि भागमुत्तमम् । आदिद्दामानं सवितर्व्यूर्णुषेऽनूचीना जीविता मानुषेभ्यः ॥
Transliteration
devebhyo hi prathamaṃ yajñiyebhyo 'mṛtatvaṃ suvasi bhāgam uttamam | ādid dāmānaṃ savitar vy ūrṇuṣe 'nūcīnā jīvitā mānuṣebhyaḥ ||
Translation
そなたはまず、祭にふさわしき神々のために、不死（amṛtatva）の最上の分け前を起こし動かす。ついで、サヴィトリ（Savitṛ）よ、定められた掟の筋目をひらき、これに従う者たちの上に、人の子らへ生命の流れを伸べ広げる。
Word by Word
दे॒वेभ्यःto/for the gods
दे॒वेभ्यः:
सम्प्रदान (to/for the gods)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक) < √दिव् (द्युतौ)
हिindeed, for
हि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (निपात)
प्रथमम्first, firstly
प्रथमम्:
—
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)
यज्ञियेभ्यःto/for the sacrificial-worthy (divine) ones
यज्ञियेभ्यः:
सम्प्रदान (to/for the worthy-of-sacrifice ones)
TypeAdjective (substantival)
Rootयज्ञिय (प्रातिपदिक) < यज्ञ
अमृतत्वम्immortality
अमृतत्वम्:
कर्म (what is bestowed)
TypeNoun
Rootअमृतत्व (प्रातिपदिक) < अमृत + -त्व
सुवसिyou bestow, you grant
सुवसि:
क्रिया (predicate)
TypeVerb
Root√वस् (वसाने/आच्छादने/वसुधाने) with preverb सु-
भागम्a share, portion
भागम्:
कर्म (apposition to अमृतत्वम्)
TypeNoun
Rootभाग (प्रातिपदिक)
उत्तमम्highest, best
उत्तमम्:
—
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
आtowards, unto
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग)
इत्just, indeed
इत्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइत्/इद् (निपात; emphatic)
दामानम्the gift/portion (allotment)
दामानम्:
कर्म (what is unfolded/extended)
TypeNoun
Rootदामन् (प्रातिपदिक) < √दा (दाने) / ‘gift, portion’
सवितःO Savitar
सवितः:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun
Rootसवितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
विapart, forth
वि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि (उपसर्ग)
ऊर्णुषेyou unfold, you spread out
ऊर्णुषे:
क्रिया (predicate)
TypeVerb
Root√वृ (वरणे/आवरणे) with preverb वि-; Vedic present ‘ऊर्णु-’
अनूचीनाःfollowing, successive (in due order)
अनूचीनाः:
कर्तृ (with जीविताः as subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootअनूचीन (प्रातिपदिक) < अनु + उचीन ‘turned/lying along’
जीविताःlives, lifetimes
जीविताः:
कर्तृ (subject: ‘lives’)
TypeParticiple (used as noun/adjective)
Rootजीवित (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक) < √जीव् (जीवने) + क्त
मानुषेभ्यःto/for men, humans
मानुषेभ्यः:
सम्प्रदान (to/for humans)
TypeNoun
Rootमानुष (प्रातिपदिक) < मनु
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