Rig Veda 4.43.3: Mandala 4, Sukta 43, Mantra 3
Sukta 4.43
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Aśvinau
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
मक्षू हि ष्मा गच्छथ ईवतो द्यूनिन्द्रो न शक्तिं परितक्म्यायाम् । दिव आजाता दिव्या सुपर्णा कया शचीनां भवथः शचिष्ठा ॥
Transliteration
makṣū́ hí ṣmā́ gácchatha ī́vato dyū́n índro ná śaktíṃ pári-takmyāyām | divá ājā́tā divyā́ suparṇā́ kayā́ śácīnām bhavathaḥ śáciṣṭhā ||
Translation
まことに汝らは日々を迅く行き来し、インドラが力をもって周囲の抗いを貫くがごとし。天より生まれ、天なる性を具え、麗しき翼ある者よ。いかなるシャチー（śacī、妙力・有効なるはたらき）の道によって、汝らは最も巧みで最も力ある者となるのか。
Word by Word
मक्षुquickly, at once
मक्षु:
Adhikaraṇa (काल/रीतिविशेषणम्)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमक्षु (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक) / PIE *mek̂s-? (त्वरार्थ) पारम्परिकः
हिindeed, for
हि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (निपात)
ष्माsurely, just
ष्मा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootष्म (निपात; वैदिक-प्रयोगः)
गच्छथःyou two go / you two come
गच्छथः:
—
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (गच्छ-)
ईवतःof the swift one / of the impetuous (speed)
ईवतः:
Adhikaraṇa (रीतिविशेषण-सम्बन्धः: ‘वेगस्य’)
TypeAdjective
Rootईवत् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘वेगवान्/शीघ्रगामी’)
द्यून्days (day-times)
द्यून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्युन्/द्यून् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘दिन’/‘द्यौः’ सम्बन्धि)
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
Kartā (उपमान-वाक्ये)
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
नlike, as
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (उपमा-निपात)
शक्तिम्power, might
शक्तिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
परिaround, all about
परि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
तक्म्यायाम्in/at the wasting fever (takmā)
तक्म्यायाम्:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootतक्म्या (प्रातिपदिक; ‘दौर्बल्य/ज्वर’ इत्यर्थे वैदिकः) अथवा ‘तक्मन्’ सम्बन्धि
दिवःfrom heaven / of heaven
दिवः:
Apādāna (उत्पत्तिसम्बन्धः: ‘from heaven’)
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्/द्यौः (प्रातिपदिक: दिव् ‘द्यौः/स्वर्गः’)
आजाताborn (arisen)
आजाता:
Kartā-विशेषणम्
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-√जन् (जन्) → आजात (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
दिव्याheavenly, divine
दिव्या:
Kartā-विशेषणम्
TypeAdjective
Rootदिव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
सुपर्णाtwo fair-winged ones (birds)
सुपर्णा:
Kartā (मुख्य-वाक्ये संबोधन/वर्णन)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootसुपर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
कयाby what? how?
कया:
Karaṇa
TypePronoun
Rootक (प्रश्न-प्रातिपदिक) → कया
शचीनाम्of (your) powers/skills
शचीनाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध-षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootशची (प्रातिपदिक; ‘कौशल/शक्ति/कर्मकौशल’)
भवथःyou two become / are
भवथः:
—
TypeVerb
Rootभू (भव-)
शचिष्ठाmost powerful / most skillful
शचिष्ठा:
Kartā-विशेषणम्
TypeAdjective
Rootशची + इष्ठ (तमप्/इष्ठ-प्रत्यय; अतिशय)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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