Rig Veda 3.55.1: Mandala 3, Sukta 55, Mantra 1
Sukta 3.55
Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional for Mandala 3; RV 3.55 commonly in his family-book domain)
Devata: Viśve Devāḥ / the One Asura-might behind the gods; Dawn as revelatory condition
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; confirm)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
उषसः पूर्वा अध यद्व्यूषुर्महद्वि जज्ञे अक्षरं पदे गोः । व्रता देवानामुप नु प्रभूषन्महद्देवानामसुरत्वमेकम् ॥
Transliteration
uṣásaḥ pū́rvā ádha yád vy-ū́ṣur mahád ví jajñe ákṣaraṃ padé góḥ | vratā́ devā́nām úpa nú pra-bhū́ṣan mahád devā́nām asura-tvám ékam ||
Translation
先なるウシャス（Uṣas）の曙光がひらけ放たれるとき、光の歩み（パダ）において、偉大にして不滅の言（アクシャラ akṣara）が生まれる。神々の掟（ヴラタ vrata）を飾り、あらわにしつつ、神々のただ一つの広大なるアスラの威力（アスラトヴァ asuratva）が顕現して立つ。
Word by Word
उषसःof the dawns
उषसः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive) / अधिष्ठान-सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootउषस्-
पूर्वाःthe former/earlier (ones)
पूर्वाः:
कर्तृ (with implied verb ‘are/appear’)
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व-
अधthen, now, moreover
अध:
सम्बन्ध/काल-सम्बन्ध (discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअध
यत्when; that which
यत्:
कर्म/सम्बन्ध (relative marker)
TypePronoun
Rootयद्-
व्यूषुःthey have shone forth; have dawned
व्यूषुः:
क्रिया (कर्तृ = उषसः/पूर्वाः)
TypeVerb
Root√वस् (उष्-भावे) / √उष् (प्रकाशे) → व्य्-उष्
महत्great
महत्:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्-
विforth, apart, distinctly
वि:
क्रियाविशेषण (prefix to √जन्)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि
जज्ञेwas born; came into being
जज्ञे:
क्रिया (कर्तृ = अक्षरम्)
TypeVerb
Root√जन् (जने)
अक्षरम्the imperishable (syllable/word); the unchanging
अक्षरम्:
कर्तृ (of जज्ञे)
TypeNoun
Rootअक्षर-
पदेin the place/footstep; in the station
पदे:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootपद-
गोःof the cow (also: of light/ray)
गोः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootगो-
व्रताordinances; sacred laws
व्रता:
कर्म/विषय (with √भूष्)
TypeNoun
Rootव्रत-
देवानाम्of the gods
देवानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव-
उपtowards, near
उप:
क्रियाविशेषण (prefix to √भूष्)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउप
नुnow, indeed
नु:
सम्बन्ध (discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु
प्रभूषन्adorning; attending on; serving
प्रभूषन्:
कर्तृ (of implied action ‘adorning/serving’)
TypeVerb
Root√भूष् (अलङ्कारे/सेवायाम्) with प्र-
महत्great
महत्:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्-
देवानाम्of the gods
देवानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव-
असुरत्वम्lordship; asura-power (sovereign might)
असुरत्वम्:
कर्तृ/विषय (as the ‘one’ being spoken of)
TypeNoun
Rootअसुरत्व- (असुर- + त्व)
एकम्one; single
एकम्:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootएक-
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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