Rig Veda 3.53.11: Mandala 3, Sukta 53, Mantra 11
Sukta 3.53
Rishi: Viśvāmitra (Kauśika)
Devata: Indra (implicit through Vṛtra-slaying), with Sudās as human focus
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
उप प्रेत कुशिकाश्चेतयध्वमश्वं राये प्र मुञ्चता सुदासः । राजा वृत्रं जङ्घनत्प्रागपागुदगथा यजाते वर आ पृथिव्याः ॥
Transliteration
úpa préta kuśikāś cetáyadhvam áśvaṃ rāyé prá muñcatā sudā́saḥ | rājā́ vṛtráṃ jaṅghanat prā́g apā́g úd ag áthā yajāte váre ā́ pṛthivyā́ḥ ||
Translation
進め、クシカ（Kuśika）らよ、目覚めて心を奮い立たせよ。富のために駿馬を放て――スダース（Sudās）よ。王は覆い塞ぐ者ヴリトラ（Vṛtra）を、前へ、後ろへ、上へと打ち砕いた。かくて彼は大地の広がりより選び取られた賜物のために祭る。
Word by Word
उपnear, up; (as preverb) forth
उप:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउप (उपसर्ग/निपात)
प्रेतgo forth!
प्रेत:
—
TypeVerb
Rootइ (धातु) + प्र (उपसर्ग)
कुशिकाःthe Kuśikas (clan/people)
कुशिकाः:
Kartā (सम्बोधनार्थे/आह्वान) तथा कर्तृ-सम्बन्धः
TypeNoun
Rootकुशिक (प्रातिपदिक)
चेतयध्वम्take notice!, be alert!, rouse yourselves
चेतयध्वम्:
—
TypeVerb
Rootचित्/चेत् (धातु ‘to perceive/notice/rouse’)
अश्वम्the horse
अश्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
रायेfor wealth
राये:
Sampradāna (उद्देश्य/प्रयोजन)
TypeNoun
Rootराय्/रायि (प्रातिपदिक) ‘wealth’
प्रforth, forward
प्र:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र (उपसर्ग/निपात)
मुञ्चतrelease!, let loose!
मुञ्चत:
—
TypeVerb
Rootमुच् (धातु ‘to release/let go’) + प्र (उपसर्ग)
सुदासाःthe Sudāsas (followers of Sudās / Sudās’ men)
सुदासाः:
Kartā (आज्ञार्थक क्रियायाः कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसुदास (प्रातिपदिक; नाम)
राजाthe king
राजा:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
वृत्रम्Vṛtra (the obstructor)
वृत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
जङ्घनत्he smote, struck down
जङ्घनत्:
—
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु ‘to strike/kill’) with intensive/reduplicated stem जङ्घन्-
प्राक्eastward/forward
प्राक्:
Adhikaraṇa (दिशा/देश)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्राञ्च्/प्राक् (अव्यय)
अपाक्westward/backward
अपाक्:
Adhikaraṇa (दिशा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपाञ्च्/अपाक् (अव्यय)
उदक्northward/upward
उदक्:
Adhikaraṇa (दिशा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउदञ्च्/उदक् (अव्यय)
अथाthen, thereafter
अथा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
यजातेhe worships/sacrifices
यजाते:
—
TypeVerb
Rootयज् (धातु ‘to worship/sacrifice’)
वरःthe chosen (place)/boon
वरः:
Kartā/Adhikaraṇa (सन्दर्भानुसार: ‘the chosen place/boon’ as subject or locus)
TypeNoun
Rootवर (प्रातिपदिक) ‘choice/boon; enclosure/space’ (RV usage varies)
आto, unto
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/निपात)
पृथिव्याःof the earth
पृथिव्याः:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)
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