Rig Veda 3.4.5: Mandala 3, Sukta 4, Mantra 5
Sukta 3.4
Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional)
Devata: Agni and the ritual powers (hotrāṇi) as functional divinities of the sacrifice
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
सप्त होत्राणि मनसा वृणाना इन्वन्तो विश्वं प्रति यन्नृतेन । नृपेशसो विदथेषु प्र जाता अभीमं यज्ञं वि चरन्त पूर्वीः ॥
Transliteration
saptá hotrā́ṇi mánasā vṛṇānā́ invánto víśvaṃ práti yánn ṛténa | nṛ-péśaso vidáthēṣu prá jātā́ abhī́mám yajñáṃ ví caranta pūrvī́ḥ ||
Translation
七つの祭司の力（hotrāṇi）は、心によって選び取り、ṛta（宇宙の正序・真理の法）に従って進みつつ、万有を真実へと駆り立てる。人々の主たる者（nṛpeśasaḥ）として、集会（vidatha）において生まれ、彼らはこの祭の周りを、古く先行する多様な歩みで巡る。
Word by Word
सप्तseven
सप्त:
विशेषण (कर्म-सम्बन्धे)
TypeAdjective/Numeral
Rootसप्त (प्रातिपदिक)
होत्राणिoffices/roles of the Hotṛ-priests; priestly functions
होत्राणि:
कर्म (वृणाना इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootहोत्र (प्रातिपदिक; √हु ‘यज्/आह्वान’ से)
मनसाwith the mind; mentally
मनसा:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootमनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
वृणानाchoosing; selecting
वृणाना:
कर्तृ (स्वयं कर्ता-समूह)
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√वृ (वृणोति ‘चुनना/वरण करना’)
इन्वन्तःimpelling; setting in motion
इन्वन्तः:
कर्तृ
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√इन्/ईन् (इन्वति ‘प्रेरयति/चलयति’)
विश्वम्all; the whole (world/totality)
विश्वम्:
कर्म (इन्वन्तः इत्यस्य)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootविश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रतिtowards; in response to
प्रति:
दिशा/सम्बन्ध (गत्यर्थे)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति
यन्goes; proceeds
यन्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√या (याति ‘गच्छति’)
ऋतेनby ṛta (cosmic order/truth); with right order
ऋतेन:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootऋत (प्रातिपदिक)
नृपेशसःhaving manly form/beauty; man-shaped (beings)
नृपेशसः:
कर्तृ (चरन्त इत्यस्य)
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootनृ-पेशस् (समास; नृ ‘पुरुष’ + पेशस् ‘रूप/आकृति/शोभा’)
विदथेषुin the assemblies; at the ritual gatherings
विदथेषु:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootविदथ (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रforth; forward
प्र:
क्रियाविशेषण
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootप्र
जाताःborn; arisen
जाताः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√जन् (जायते ‘उत्पद्यते’)
अभीमम्mighty; formidable
अभीमम्:
विशेषण (कर्म-सम्बन्धे)
TypeAdjective
Rootअभीम (प्रातिपदिक; ‘भयङ्कर/प्रबल’ अर्थे)
यज्ञम्sacrifice; ritual
यज्ञम्:
कर्म (चरन्त इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक; √यज्)
विapart; widely; in various ways
वि:
क्रियाविशेषण
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootवि
चरन्तthey move about; they perform
चरन्त:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√चर् (चरति ‘चलति/आचरति’)
पूर्वीःthe former (ways/paths); earlier (ones)
पूर्वीः:
कर्म/अधिकरण (व्याप्ति-अर्थे; ‘पूर्ववत्/पूर्वेषु’ भाव)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootपूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
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