Rig Veda 3.38.9: Mandala 3, Sukta 38, Mantra 9
Sukta 3.38
Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina
Devata: Indra and allied paired powers (dual address); verse centers on svasti and māyā-formation
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
युवं प्रत्नस्य साधथो महो यद्दैवी स्वस्तिः परि णः स्यातम् । गोपाजिह्वस्य तस्थुषो विरूपा विश्वे पश्यन्ति मायिनः कृतानि ॥
Transliteration
yuváṁ pratnásya sādhatho mahó yád daivī́ svastíḥ pári ṇaḥ syātam | gopā́jihvasya tásthuṣo vírūpā víśve paśyanti māyínaḥ kṛtā́ni ||
Translation
汝ら二柱は、古の大いなる業を成し遂げ、神的なスヴァスティ（svastí：安寧・吉祥）がわれらをめぐって在るようにせよ。守護する舌をもって堅く立つ者の、造られた多様な姿を、形成の主たち（māyin）はことごとく見渡す。
Word by Word
युवम्you two
युवम्:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
प्रत्नस्यof the ancient (one/rite)
प्रत्नस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive) / अधिकरण-सम्बन्ध
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रत्न (प्रातिपदिक)
साधथःyou two accomplish
साधथः:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√साध् (साधयति/साधते)
महोthe great (deed/thing)
महो:
कर्म
TypeAdjective (used substantively) / Noun-like
Rootमहत् (प्रातिपदिक)
यत्which
यत्:
कर्म (relative) / सम्बन्ध
TypeRelative pronoun
Rootयद् (सम्बन्ध/यत्-प्रातिपदिक)
दैवीdivine
दैवी:
कर्तृ (of ‘स्वस्तिः’) / विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootदैवी (देव-सम्बद्ध विशेषण) < देव
स्वस्तिःwell-being, blessing
स्वस्तिः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootस्वस्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
परिaround, all around
परि:
उपसर्ग/सम्बन्ध
TypeIndeclinable (preverb/preposition)
Rootपरि
नःfor us / of us
नः:
सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध (for us / of us)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
स्यातम्may you two be
स्यातम्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (भू)
गोपाthe cowherd, protector
गोपा:
कर्तृ (of ‘पश्यन्ति’) / विशेष्य
TypeNoun
Rootगोपा (प्रातिपदिक) < गो + √पा (पालने)
जिह्वस्यof the tongue
जिह्वस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootजिह्व (प्रातिपदिक)
तस्थुषःof the standing/abiding (one)
तस्थुषः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeParticiple
Root√स्था (तिष्ठति) → तस्थुष् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, perf. act. ptc.)
विरूपाःof various forms
विरूपाः:
कर्तृ (of ‘पश्यन्ति’) / विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootविरूप (प्रातिपदिक)
विश्वेall (of them)
विश्वे:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootविश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
पश्यन्तिthey see
पश्यन्ति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√पश् (दर्शने)
मायिनःthe possessors of māyā, the crafty/skillful
मायिनः:
कर्तृ (apposition to ‘विश्वे’) / विशेष्य
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootमायिन् (प्रातिपदिक) < माया
कृतानिthe deeds done, the created works
कृतानि:
कर्म (of ‘पश्यन्ति’)
TypeParticiple (used as noun)
Root√कृ (करणे) → कृत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, past pass. ptc.)
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