Rig Veda 3.11.5: Mandala 3, Sukta 11, Mantra 5

Sukta 3.11

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional attribution for RV 3.11)

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Gāyatrī (3 pādas of 8 syllables; this verse is a regular gāyatrī-style trimeter)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अदाभ्यः पुरएता विशामग्निर्मानुषीणाम् । तूर्णी रथः सदा नवः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 3.11.5

Transliteration

adā́bhyaḥ pura-etā́ viśām agnír mā́nuṣīṇām | tū́rṇī́ ráthaḥ sadā́ návaḥ ||

Translation

アグニは征服されぬ者、諸人族の先に立つ先導者。彼の戦車の力は迅速で、つねに新しい――われらの歩みと前進を新たにする。

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Word by Word

• अदाभ्यः: unassailable, unharmed
• अदाभ्यः: Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण कर्तृपदस्य)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अदाभ्य- (प्रातिपदिक; a-दाभ्य < √दभ् ‘to harm/deceive’)

• पुरएता: the forerunner, leader in front
• पुरएता: Kartā (कर्तृपदस्य नाम/उपाधि)
• Type: Noun (agent) / epithet
• Root: पुरएतृ- (प्रातिपदिक; पुरस् + एतृ < √इ ‘to go’)

• विशाम्: of the clans/peoples
• विशाम्: Adhikaraṇa/सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी-सम्बन्धः: ‘of the clans’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विश्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘clan, settlement, people’)

• अग्निः: Agni (fire-god)
• अग्निः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि- (प्रातिपदिक)

• मानुषीणाम्: of the human (ones), of mortals
• मानुषीणाम्: Adhikaraṇa/सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी-सम्बन्धः: ‘of the human (clans)’)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively) / Noun
• Root: मानुषी- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘human’, स्त्रीलिङ्ग-आधारः)

• तूर्णीः: swift
• तूर्णीः: Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण कर्तृपदस्य)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तूर्णी- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘swift’)

• रथः: chariot
• रथः: Kartā (उपमा/रूपकवाक्ये)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ- (प्रातिपदिक)

• सदा: always
• सदा: Adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरणम्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा (अव्यय)

• नवः: new, ever-fresh
• नवः: Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण कर्तृपदस्य)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नव- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘new’)