Valmiki Ramayana 1.49.4 — Bala Kanda, Sarga 49, Shloka 4

अहल्याशापमोक्षः

The Release of Ahalya and Indra’s Restoration

Devanagari script

तस्मात्सुरवरास्सर्वे सर्षिस्सङ्घास्सचारणा: ।सुरसाह्यकरं सर्वे सफलं कर्तुमर्हथ।।।।

Transliteration

tasmāt suravarāḥ sarve saṛṣi-saṅghāḥ sa-cāraṇāḥ |

sura-sāhyakaraṃ sarve saphalaṃ kartum arhatha ||

Translation

「ゆえに、神々の中の最勝者たちよ—リシたちの群れとチャーラナたちと共に—私が神々の益のために行ったのだから、どうか皆で私を元の完全な姿に戻してほしい。」

Word by Word

• dadarśa: saw
• dadarśa: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dṛś (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (परस्मैपद), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; perfect (he saw)

• ca: and
• ca: Connector (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; conjunction

• mahā-bhāgām: the very fortunate (lady)
• mahā-bhāgām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + bhāga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि-समास; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; adjective of (implicit) ‘tām’

• tapasā: by austerity
• tapasā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tapas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3), एकवचन; Instrumental

• dyotita-prabhām: of shining radiance
• dyotita-prabhām: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √dyut (धातु) + dyotita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) + prabhā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; ‘having illumined radiance’

• lokaiḥ: by people/worlds
• lokaiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: loka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3), बहुवचन

• api: even
• api: Emphasis (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; particle (अपि = even/also)

• samāgamya: having assembled
• samāgamya: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ā-√gam (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund); ‘having come together’

• durnirīkṣyām: hard to behold
• durnirīkṣyām: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dur (उपसर्ग) + nirīkṣya (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; potential passive participle (णीय/य) sense: ‘hard to look at’

• sura-asuraiḥ: by gods and demons
• sura-asuraiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sura (प्रातिपदिक) + asura (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्व-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3), बहुवचन

• prayatnāt: with effort
• prayatnāt: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prayatna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5), एकवचन; Ablative (from/with effort)

• nirmitām: created
• nirmitām: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nir-√mā (धातु) + nirmita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; ‘created’

• dhātrā: by the Creator (Brahmā)
• dhātrā: Kartr-karana (कर्ता-करण/कर्तृ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3), एकवचन; Instrumental (agent)

• divyām: divine
• divyām: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: divya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन

• māyā-mayīm: illusory
• māyā-mayīm: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: māyā (प्रातिपदिक) + maya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; ‘made of illusion’

• iva: as if/like
• iva: Comparator (उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; comparison particle

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन; pronoun (he)

• tuṣāra-āvṛtām: covered with mist
• tuṣāra-āvṛtām: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tuṣāra (प्रातिपदिक) + āvṛta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; ‘covered with mist’

• sa-abhrām: with clouds
• sa-abhrām: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa (अव्यय/सहितार्थ) + abhra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (सह-समास); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; ‘with clouds’

• pūrṇa-candra-prabhām: like full-moon radiance
• pūrṇa-candra-prabhām: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pūrṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + candra (प्रातिपदिक) + prabhā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; ‘having the radiance of the full moon’

• iva: like
• iva: Comparator (उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; comparison particle

• madhye: in the midst
• madhye: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: madhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7), एकवचन; locative (in the midst)

• ambhasaḥ: of the waters/sky
• ambhasaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ambhas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6), एकवचन; ‘of the waters/sky’ (contextual)

• durādharṣām: unassailable
• durādharṣām: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dur (उपसर्ग) + ādharṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; ‘hard to assail’

• dīptām: shining
• dīptām: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √dīp (धातु) + dīpta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकर्तरि कृदन्त (क्त), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; ‘shining’

• sūrya-prabhām: like the sun's radiance
• sūrya-prabhām: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sūrya (प्रातिपदिक) + prabhā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; ‘having sun-like radiance’

• iva: like
• iva: Comparator (उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; comparison particle

Context

Amidst sounds of celestial kettle-drums, devatas showered flowers, gandharvas sang and apsarasa danced. There was a great assemblage (of divinities).

Characters & Entities

• Indra (Śatakratu)
• Devas (Suras)
• Rishis
• Cāraṇas

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse raises the dharmic question of restitution and responsibility: even if one claims a public purpose, adharma cannot be excused, and ‘deserving’ compensation is ethically contested.

What is the narrative situation?

After suffering the curse’s consequence, Indra urges the assembled divine and semi-divine beings to restore him, arguing that his act was for the gods’ cause.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The implied virtue is discernment (viveka) in leadership—whether a community should reward actions that violate righteousness, even if framed as beneficial.