Valmiki Ramayana 2.20.3: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 20, Shloka 3

अयोध्याकाण्डे विंशः सर्गः · Rama Enters Kauśalyā’s Antaḥpura; Ritual Preparations and the Shock of Exile

Devanagari script

कौशल्यायां यथा युक्तो जनन्यां वर्तते सदा ।

तथैव वर्ततेऽस्मासु जन्मप्रभृति राघवः ॥३॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.20.3

Transliteration

kauśalyāyāṃ yathā yukto jananyāṃ vartate sadā |

tathaiva vartate 'smāsu janmaprabhṛti rāghavaḥ ||3||

Translation

ラाघヴァは母カウサリヤーに常にふさわしく仕え敬うが、そのように私たち皆に対しても、生まれた時から変わらぬ振る舞いをしてきた。

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Word by Word

• कौशल्यायाम्: towards/in Kausalya
• कौशल्यायाम्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kauśalyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/locative), एकवचन

• यथा: as
• यथा: Prakara (प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमान/प्रकार-अव्यय (as, just as)

• युक्तः: devoted
• युक्तः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yuj (धातु)
• Form: क्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; "devoted/attached"

• जनन्याम्: towards (his) mother
• जनन्याम्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jananī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/locative), एकवचन

• वर्तते: behaves, conducts himself
• वर्तते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vṛt (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• सदा: always
• सदा: Kala (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sadā (अव्यय)
• Form: काल-अव्यय (always)

• तथा: so
• तथा: Prakara (प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकार-अव्यय (so, in that way)

• एव: indeed, just
• एव: Avadharana (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्यय (just/indeed)

• वर्तते: behaves
• वर्तते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vṛt (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• अस्मासु: towards us
• अस्मासु: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सप्तमी (7th/locative), बहुवचन

• जन्मप्रभृति: from birth onward
• जन्मप्रभृति: Kala (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: janman + prabhṛti (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययवत्)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास: "जन्मतः प्रभृति"; काल-अव्यय (from birth onwards)

• राघवः: Raghava (Rama)
• राघवः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

Context

Rama conducted himself towards us in the same way as he did towards his mother Kausalya right from the begining.

Characters & Entities

• Raghava (Rama)
• Kausalya

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Respect and fairness within family: Rama’s dharma is shown as consistent honor toward his own mother and equal regard toward other maternal figures in the household.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama’s longstanding character is being testified to—his steady, respectful behavior toward Kausalya and likewise toward the other queens.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sāmya (even-handedness) and guru-jana-sammāna (reverence for elders).