Rig Veda Sukta 56
Mandala 3Sukta 568 Mantras

Sukta 56

Sukta 3.56

Rishi

Viśvāmitra Gāthina (family attribution for Maṇḍala 3)

Chandas

Triṣṭubh

This hymn praises the inviolable Ṛta—the firm, first ordinances (vratā) by which the gods uphold the cosmos—so steady that even the worlds and mountains are not made to bend. Through recurring triads (three realms, three powers, three waters), it portrays cosmic order as a patterned, rhythmic governance that descends into the sacrificial session. The sukta’s purpose is to align the sacrificer’s rite and thought with that higher, unbreakable law so the gods may “come” and establish well-being.

Recitation with translationRig Veda 3.56

In this hymn

Addressed to

  • Dharmic / Ṛta-order of the gods (cosmic law) rather than a single personalized deityMantra 1

    Ṛta is presented as the steadfast, first, and firm ordinances (prathamā dhruvāṇi vratā) that even the wise and powerful do not transgress; it structures heaven-and-earth, waters, and the luminous realms.

  • AdityasMantra 4Ādityas (explicit), with Waters as consenting divine energies
  • SavitriMantras 5-8Savitṛ (dominant in RV 3.56, triadic cosmic ordering powers are invoked around Savitṛ’s impulsion)

Mantras

Mantra 1

न ता मिनन्ति मायिनो न धीरा व्रता देवानां प्रथमा ध्रुवाणि । न रोदसी अद्रुहा वेद्याभिर्न पर्वता निनमे तस्थिवांसः ॥

जो लोग समझदार हैं, वो भगवान के पहले और पक्के नियम तोड़ते नहीं। चाहे वो कितना भी ताकतवाले हो। दुनिया और उसके नीचे की दुनिया सच्चे रहते हैं, झुकते नहीं। पहाड़ भी अपनी जगह से हिलते नहीं, सीधे खड़े रहते हैं।

Mantra 2

षड्भाराँ एको अचरन्बिभर्त्यृतं वर्षिष्ठमुप गाव आगुः । तिस्रो महीरुपरास्तस्थुरत्या गुहा द्वे निहिते दर्श्येका ॥

एक ही शक्ति चलती है और चीज़ों का बोझ उठाती है। सच्चाई भी उसके पास है। गायें उसकी तरफ आती हैं। ऊपर की तरफ तीन बड़े स्थान पक्के खड़े हैं। दो छुप के रखे गए हैं, एक दिखता है।

Mantra 3

त्रिपाजस्यो वृषभो विश्वरूप उत त्र्युधा पुरुध प्रजावान् । त्र्यनीकः पत्यते माहिनावान्त्स रेतोधा वृषभः शश्वतीनाम् ॥

भगवान तीन रूप में चमकते हैं, सारे रूप उनके हैं। वो तीन तरह से काम करते हैं और बहुत लोग उनसे पैदा होते हैं। तीन चेहरे से वो सब पर राज करते हैं। वो बीज रखते हैं और हमेशा के लिए मालिक हैं।

Mantra 4

अभीक आसां पदवीरबोध्यादित्यानामह्वे चारु नाम । आपश्चिदस्मा अरमन्त देवीः पृथग्व्रजन्तीः परि षीमवृञ्जन् ॥

आदित्य ने पुकारा और उनका नाम आया। उनका रास्ता साफ हो गया। पानी की नदियाँ भी उनसे मान गई। वो अपने-अपने रास्ते से चल पड़ी और उसे चारों तरफ से घेर लिया।

Mantra 5

त्री षधस्था सिन्धवस्त्रिः कवीनामुत त्रिमाता विदथेषु सम्राट् । ऋतावरीर्योषणास्तिस्रो अप्यास्त्रिरा दिवो विदथे पत्यमानाः ॥

छह चीज़ों में तीन नदियाँ हैं। रिशियों का काम भी तीन तरह का है। माँ तीन रूप में सबसे बड़ी है। तीन औरतें धरम को बढ़ाती हैं। गहरे पानी में तीन धारा हैं। वो आसमान से बार-बार आती हैं और यज्ञ में काम करती हैं।

Mantra 6

त्रिरा दिवः सवितर्वार्याणि दिवेदिव आ सुव त्रिर्नो अह्नः । त्रिधातु राय आ सुवा वसूनि भग त्रातर्धिषणे सातये धाः ॥

सवितर भगवान आसमान से तीन बार ऐसे वरदान भेजो जो हमें अच्छे लगने। दिन में तीन बार हमारे लिए कुछ अच्छा होने का काम करो। तीन दुनिया से धन और खज़ाना भेजो। भग, तुम रक्षक हो, हमारे दिमाग में जीतने की ताकत डाल दो।

Mantra 7

त्रिरा दिवः सविता सोषवीति राजाना मित्रावरुणा सुपाणी । आपश्चिदस्य रोदसी चिदुर्वी रत्नं भिक्षन्त सवितुः सवाय ॥

सवितर आसमान से तीन बार अपना काम शुरू करता है। मित्र और वरुण, दोनों राजा, अच्छे हाथ वाले, उसकी मदद करते हैं। पानी और धरती-आसमान भी सवितर के पास खज़ाने की माँग करते हैं। वो सब कुछ नया बनाने की ताकत माँगते हैं।

Mantra 8

त्रिरुत्तमा दूणशा रोचनानि त्रयो राजन्त्यसुरस्य वीराः । ऋतावान इषिरा दूळभासस्त्रिरा दिवो विदथे सन्तु देवाः ॥

तीनों सबसे ऊपर जगह चमक रही हैं, वहाँ जाना मुश्किल है। असुर के तीन बहादुर वहाँ राज करते हैं। वो सीधे रास्ते पर चलते हैं, तेज़ हैं और उनको हराना मुश्किल है। भगवान तीन बार आसमान से हमारे पास आएँ और हमारी पूजा में शामिल हों।

Inside Sukta 56

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    An assertion of the unbreakable ‘first and firm’ laws of the gods—neither worlds nor mountains can be made to bow by any contrivance.

  2. Development

    The hymn unfolds Ṛta through structured triads: rivers/waters, seers’ workings, and sovereign maternal or generative powers presiding in assemblies, depicting a cosmos governed by patterned order.

  3. Climax

    The vision of three highest luminous realms and three ruling heroic powers, ‘possessed of Ṛta’ and difficult to overcome, who are summoned repeatedly to the sacrifice.

  4. Where it settles

    A direct invitation that these gods/powers come ‘thrice from heaven’ to the offering-session, establishing governance, protection, and rightness in the rite.

The deity: Ṛta / Dharmic order of the gods

  • In the VedaThe hymn speaks in triads—three waters/rivers, three realms, three ruling powers—suggesting ordered governance that presides over sacrificial assemblies (vidatheṣu).
  • Cosmic functionTo maintain the stability of the cosmos—regularity of realms, waters, and divine governance—and to ensure that the sacrificial order mirrors the universal order, enabling divine presence and protection.
  • Inner significanceThe principle of truth-alignment: disciplined integrity in thought, speech, and action that cannot be ‘bent’ by impulse or clever power; an inner steadiness that makes one’s life and ritual consonant with the deeper law of reality.

The seer

  • Viśvāmitra GāthinaViśvāmitra (Gāthina) gotra; principal family of Maṇḍala 3 · A royal-turned-seer celebrated for visionary hymns that articulate cosmic order and the sovereignty of Ṛta; also renowned in later tradition as the seer of the Gāyatrī mantra.

Famous verses

vratā devānām prathamā dhruvāṇi
Verse 3.56.1Programmatic statement of the sukta: even the wise and powerful do not violate the gods’ firm ordinances; Ṛta is portrayed as unbending cosmic stability.Read verse 3.56.1 →
त्री षधस्था सिन्धवस्त्रिः कवीनामुत त्रिमाता विदथेषु सम्राट् । ऋतावरीर्योषणास्तिस्रो अप्यास्त्रिरा दिवो विदथे पत्यमानाः ॥
Verse 3.56.5Central triadic cosmology (three rivers/waters, threefold seer-work, tri-mater sovereignty) showing Ṛta as patterned governance active in sacrificial gatherings.Read verse 3.56.5 →
trir ā divo vidathe santu devāḥ
Verse 3.56.8Culminating invocation of the three luminous realms and three ruling powers ‘possessed of Ṛta,’ concluding with the repeated descent of the gods into the ritual session.Read verse 3.56.8 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Inviolable ordinances (vratā)
  • Stability and firmness (dhruva)
  • Triadic patterning (threefold realms/powers/waters)
  • Truthfulness and non-deception (adruha)
  • Ritual governance (presence in vidatha, the sacrificial session)

Also by this seer

  • Primary authorship attribution for much of Rigveda Maṇḍala 3 (Viśvāmitra family hymns)
  • Traditionally associated with the Gāyatrī mantra (RV 3.62.10) in later Vedic reception
  • Hymns to Agni and Indra in Mandala 3 emphasizing protection, right order, and victorious power

The rite, step by step

  • Saṅkalpa: intention to align the rite with Ṛta (truthful speech, correct performance).
  • Āhavana preparation: kindling and steadying the fire; establish a calm, ‘unbending’ ritual space.
  • Mantra recitation in Triṣṭubh cadence, emphasizing the ‘firm ordinances’ and the triadic cosmic order.
  • Offerings synchronized with key invocations (especially where ‘thrice from heaven’ is requested).
  • Concluding invitation: request the gods/powers of Ṛta to arrive and govern the session, sealing the rite with order and protection.

Offerings

  • Ghee (ājya) into Agni
  • Soma (where applicable) or soma-substitute libations
  • Grain/oblations (havis) as per the rite’s context

Frequently Asked Questions

It is mainly about Ṛta—the firm cosmic order and the gods’ unbreakable ordinances. The hymn says this order cannot be bent, and it asks the divine powers to preside over the sacrifice.

The repeated triads (three realms, three waters/rivers, three ruling powers) present the universe as patterned and governed. The hymn uses this structure to show that Ṛta is an ordered, rhythmic principle that also guides the ritual.

Not strictly. Its focus is the dharmic/Ṛta-order upheld by the gods, though some verses can be read alongside Savitṛ-like ordering and impulsion; the emphasis remains on the governing law rather than a single personalized deity.

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