Rig Veda 2.21.3: Mandala 2, Sukta 21, Mantra 3
Sukta 2.21
Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (likely)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
सत्रासाहो जनभक्षो जनंसहश्च्यवनो युध्मो अनु जोषमुक्षितः । वृतंचयः सहुरिर्विक्ष्वारित इन्द्रस्य वोचं प्र कृतानि वीर्या ॥
Transliteration
satrā́sāho janabhakṣó janaṃsaháś cyávanó yudhmó ánu jóṣam ukṣitáḥ | vṛtáṃcayáḥ sáhurir vikṣv ā́ritá índrasya vocaṃ prá kṛtā́ni vīryā́ ||
Translation
常胜者，吞噬敌对众群者，制伏众人者；驱动者、战斗者，因喜悦而增长者；积聚正法而击杀者，于诸族中奋发者——我宣说因陀罗已成就的英雄威力。
Word by Word
सत्रासाहःever-victorious, always conquering
सत्रासाहः:
Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण कर्तृसम्बन्धः)
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्रा-साह (प्रातिपदिक; साह < √सह ‘to overcome, be strong’)
जनभक्षःdevourer of men/peoples
जनभक्षः:
Kartā (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootजन-भक्ष (प्रातिपदिक; भक्ष < √भक्ष् ‘to eat, devour’)
जनंसहःoverpowering peoples
जनंसहः:
Kartā (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootजनं-सह (प्रातिपदिक; सह < √सह ‘to overpower/endure’)
च्यवनःthe dislodger, shaker
च्यवनः:
Kartā (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootच्यवन (प्रातिपदिक; from √च्यु ‘to move, dislodge’)
युध्मःwarlike, battle-mighty
युध्मः:
Kartā (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootयुध्म (प्रातिपदिक; from √युध् ‘to fight’)
अनुafter, according to
अनु:
(उपसर्ग/निपात; क्रियाविशेषणभावः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनु
जोषम्pleasure, liking, will
जोषम्:
Karma (अनु + जोषम् = ‘according to pleasure/at will’ क्रियाविशेषणवत्)
TypeNoun
Rootजोष (प्रातिपदिक; from √जुष् ‘to enjoy, be pleased’)
उक्षितःgrown strong, invigorated
उक्षितः:
Kartā (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootउक्षित (कृदन्त; PPP from √उक्ष् ‘to sprinkle; to grow strong/fatten’)
वृतंचयःhe who heaps up/overcomes the obstruction (Vr̥tra-like barrier)
वृतंचयः:
Kartā (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootवृतं-चय (प्रातिपदिक; चय < √चि ‘to pile up, gather’; वृतं = ‘enclosure/obstacle’ as first member)
सहुरिःthe mighty one, impetuous hero
सहुरिः:
Kartā (विशेषण)
TypeNoun (epithet)
Rootसहुरि (प्रातिपदिक; Vedic epithet, ‘mighty/impetuous’)
विक्ष्वारितःranging/assailing among the clans
विक्ष्वारितः:
Kartā (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootविक्षु-आरित (कृदन्त/समास; आरित < √ऋ ‘to go, attack’/‘to set in motion’; विक्षु = ‘among the clans/settlements’)
इन्द्रस्यof Indra
इन्द्रस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
वःfor you; your
वः:
Sampradāna (युष्मभ्यं ‘for you’, स्तुत्यर्पणार्थे) / Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम)
वोचम्I proclaimed, I spoke
वोचम्:
Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√वच् ‘to speak’
प्रforth, forward
प्र:
(क्रियाविशेषण; ‘forth’)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र
कृतानिdeeds, things done
कृतानि:
Karma (वोचम्—what I proclaim)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootकृत (कृदन्त; PPP from √कृ ‘to do, make’)
वीर्याheroic powers, valorous exploits
वीर्या:
Karma (apposition to कृतानि)
TypeNoun
Rootवीर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
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