Rig Veda 8.13.31: Mandala 8, Sukta 13, Mantra 31
Sukta 8.13
Rishi: Unknown/unspecified in provided input
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Likely Trishtubh (refrain-like repetition; needs scansion)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
वृषायमिन्द्र ते रथ उतो ते वृषणा हरी । वृषा त्वं शतक्रतो वृषा हवः ॥
Transliteration
vṛ́ṣāyám indra te rátha utó te vṛ́ṣaṇā hárī | vṛ́ṣā tváṃ śatakrato vṛ́ṣā hávaḥ ||
Translation
اے اندر! تیرا رتھ بیل کی طرح ہے، اور تیری دو سرخ توانائیاں بیل کی طرح ہیں۔ اے سینکڑوں طاقتوں والے! تو بیل کی طرح ہے، اور تیرا پکارنا بھی پھل دینے والی طاقت سے بھرا ہے۔
Word by Word
वृषायामिI invigorate / I strengthen
वृषायामि:
Kartā (implicit ‘अहम्’)
TypeVerb
Rootवृष् (वर्षणे/वृष् ‘to rain, to make strong; to invigorate’) → वृषाय (denom.)
इन्द्रO Indra
इन्द्र:
Sambodhana (addressed deity)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
तेof you / your
ते:
Sambandha (possessor)
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (त्वद्-शब्द)
रथःchariot
रथः:
Karma (object of ‘वृषायामि’ in sense ‘I invigorate X’)
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
उतोand also
उतो:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत (निपात) + उ (enclitic) → उतो
तेyour
ते:
Sambandha (possessor)
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (त्वद्-शब्द)
वृषणाthe two strong ones / the two bulls
वृषणा:
Karma (object of ‘वृषायामि’)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootवृषन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bull, strong one’)
हरीthe two Haris (bay horses)
हरी:
Karma (apposition to वृषणा; object)
TypeNoun
Rootहरि (प्रातिपदिक; Indra’s bay steeds)
वृषाa bull / the strong one
वृषा:
Kartā (predicate nominative of ‘त्वम्’)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootवृषन् (प्रातिपदिक)
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (त्वद्-शब्द)
शतक्रतोO hundred-powered (Indra)
शतक्रतो:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun (epithet)
Rootशत-क्रतु (बहुव्रीहि; ‘having a hundred powers/stratagems’)
वृषाa bull / strong
वृषा:
Kartā (predicate nominative; ‘is a bull/strong’)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootवृषन् (प्रातिपदिक)
हवःinvocation / call
हवः:
Kartā (subject: ‘the call is strong’ / ‘invocation is potent’)
TypeNoun
Rootहव (प्रातिपदिक; ‘invocation, call’)
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