Rig Veda 8.13.31 — Mandala 8, Sukta 13, Mantra 31
Sukta 8.13
Rishi: Unknown/unspecified in provided input
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Likely Trishtubh (refrain-like repetition; needs scansion)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
वृषायमिन्द्र ते रथ उतो ते वृषणा हरी । वृषा त्वं शतक्रतो वृषा हवः ॥
Transliteration
vṛ́ṣāyám indra te rátha utó te vṛ́ṣaṇā hárī | vṛ́ṣā tváṃ śatakrato vṛ́ṣā hávaḥ ||
Translation
Bull-like is your chariot, O Indra, and bull-like your two tawny energies; bull-like are you, O hundred-powered, and bull-like is the call that summons you—full of fruitful force.
Word by Word
वृषायामिI invigorate / I strengthen
वृषायामि:
Kartā (implicit ‘अहम्’)
TypeVerb
Rootवृष् (वर्षणे/वृष् ‘to rain, to make strong; to invigorate’) → वृषाय (denom.)
इन्द्रO Indra
इन्द्र:
Sambodhana (addressed deity)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
तेof you / your
ते:
Sambandha (possessor)
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (त्वद्-शब्द)
रथःchariot
रथः:
Karma (object of ‘वृषायामि’ in sense ‘I invigorate X’)
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
उतोand also
उतो:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत (निपात) + उ (enclitic) → उतो
तेyour
ते:
Sambandha (possessor)
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (त्वद्-शब्द)
वृषणाthe two strong ones / the two bulls
वृषणा:
Karma (object of ‘वृषायामि’)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootवृषन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bull, strong one’)
हरीthe two Haris (bay horses)
हरी:
Karma (apposition to वृषणा; object)
TypeNoun
Rootहरि (प्रातिपदिक; Indra’s bay steeds)
वृषाa bull / the strong one
वृषा:
Kartā (predicate nominative of ‘त्वम्’)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootवृषन् (प्रातिपदिक)
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (त्वद्-शब्द)
शतक्रतोO hundred-powered (Indra)
शतक्रतो:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun (epithet)
Rootशत-क्रतु (बहुव्रीहि; ‘having a hundred powers/stratagems’)
वृषाa bull / strong
वृषा:
Kartā (predicate nominative; ‘is a bull/strong’)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootवृषन् (प्रातिपदिक)
हवःinvocation / call
हवः:
Kartā (subject: ‘the call is strong’ / ‘invocation is potent’)
TypeNoun
Rootहव (प्रातिपदिक; ‘invocation, call’)
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