Rig Veda 2.4.5: Mandala 2, Sukta 4, Mantra 5

Sukta 2.4

Rishi: Gṛtsamada

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; needs metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

आ यन्मे अभ्वं वनदः पनन्तोशिग्भ्यो नामिमीत वर्णम् । स चित्रेण चिकिते रंसु भासा जुजुर्वाँ यो मुहुरा युवा भूत् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 2.4.5

Transliteration

ā́ yán me ábhvaṃ vanádaḥ pánanto uśíg-bhyo ná amimīta várṇam | sá citréṇa cikite ráṃsu bhāsā́ jujurvā́n yó muhúr ā́ yúvā bhūt ||

Translation

When, for me, the roaring ones moving in the woods measured out the vastness and the colour—like the eager flames—then he perceives by his many-hued radiance, delighting; ever-aging, he becomes again and again young.

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Word by Word

• आ: towards, hither
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग) / ā (preverb)

• यत्: which, that
• यत्: Karma (of व॒नदः) / or subject of clause
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• मे: for me, to me, my
• मे: Sampradāna/Adhikaraṇa (contextual: ‘for me / to me’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अभ्वम्: the vast/terrible (thing), the mighty expanse
• अभ्वम्: Karma
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अभ्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• वनदः: the ‘vanad’ (epithet; the bestower/winner, likely Agni)
• वनदः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वनद् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘wood/forest-giver’ or ‘winning/pleasing’ in Vedic usage)

• पनन्तः: praising, extolling
• पनन्तः: Kartā (of subordinate action; agreeing with implied plural agents)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √पन् (पनँ/पन॑— ‘to praise, to admire, to extol’)

• उशिग्भ्यः: to/for (or from) the Uśij priests
• उशिग्भ्यः: Apādāna/सम्बन्ध (context: ‘from/for the Uśij-s’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उशिज् (प्रातिपदिक; Vedic class of priests/attendants, ‘Uśij-s’)

• नामिमीत: measured out, apportioned
• नामिमीत: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √मा (मा॒— ‘to measure’) with reduplication/augmentless perfect-like Vedic form

• वर्णम्: color, appearance, form, lustre
• वर्णम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)

• सः: he
• सः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• चित्रेण: with bright/variegated (means), with wondrous (power)
• चित्रेण: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: चित्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• चिकिते: has perceived, has understood
• चिकिते: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √चित् (चिती/चिकित्— ‘to perceive, to notice, to understand’)

• रंसु: delightful, gladdening
• रंसु: Karma (as predicative/object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रंसु (प्रातिपदिक; Vedic adjective ‘glad, delightful’)

• भासा: with light, with radiance
• भासा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: भासा (प्रातिपदिक from √भास् ‘to shine’)

• जुजुर्वान्: ever-aging, wearing (things) down; growing old
• जुजुर्वान्: Kartā (agreeing with यः) / descriptive
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √ज्वर्/√जुर् (Vedic √जुर् ‘to age, to wear out’; intensive/reduplicated participle)

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• मुहुराः: again and again, repeatedly
• मुहुराः: —
• Type: Indeclinable (Vedic adverbial form)
• Root: मुहुर् (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक ‘again and again, repeatedly’)

• युवा: young
• युवा: Kartā (predicate adjective with भूत्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युवन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• भूत्: became, came to be
• भूत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (भू— ‘to be, become’)