Rig Veda 10.175.3 — Mandala 10, Sukta 175, Mantra 3

Sukta 10.175

Rishi: Same sukta context (10.175).

Devata: Grāvāṇaḥ; vṛṣan (often Indra) as recipient of vṛṣṇya.

Chandas: Likely Gāyatrī (verify per edition).

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

ग्रावाण उपरेष्वा महीयन्ते सजोषसः । वृष्णे दधतो वृष्ण्यम् ॥

Transliteration

grāvāṇa úpareṣv ā́ mahīyánte sajóṣasaḥ | vṛ́ṣṇe dádhato vṛ́ṣṇyam ||

Translation

ศิลาบีบคั้นบนแผ่นรองเบื้องบน ยิ่งทวีความยิ่งใหญ่ด้วยความพร้อมเพรียง; พวกเขาวางพลังอันองอาจไว้ในผู้แข็งแกร่ง—สถาปนาพลังไว้ภายในพลัง.

Word by Word

• ग्रावाणः: the pressing-stones
• ग्रावाणः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्रावन् (प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *gʷerh₂-?; ‘stone, pressing-stone’

• उपरेषु: on the upper (stones/surfaces)
• उपरेषु: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun (locative plural; used as place) / Adjective used substantively
• Root: उपर (प्रातिपदिक) ‘upper, elevated; stone/rock surface’

• आ: towards, unto
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• महीयन्ते: become great / are exalted
• महीयन्ते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: मह्/महि (धातु; ‘to be great, to grow great’) → महीयते (आत्मनेपद)

• सजोषसः: in concord, together
• सजोषसः: कर्तृ (विशेषण-भावेन कर्तृसमनाधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective (used predicatively of the subject) / Noun-like
• Root: स-जोषस् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘together in enjoyment/accord; in companionship’

• वृष्णे: for the Bull (Indra)
• वृष्णे: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषन् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘bull; the strong one (Indra)’

• दधतः: of/for (him) placing, bestowing
• दधतः: कर्तृ (कृदन्तेन सूचितः)
• Type: Participle (verbal adjective)
• Root: धा (धातु) ‘to place, set, put’ → दधत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)

• वृष्ण्यम्: bull-strength, manly might
• वृष्ण्यम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृष्ण्य (प्रातिपदिक) ‘bull-like strength, virility, manly power’