Rig Veda 8.60.7: Mandala 8, Sukta 60, Mantra 7
Sukta 8.60
Devata: Agni
Chandas: Gāyatrī/Anuṣṭubh-like short meter (uncertain; needs metrical verification)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यथा चिद्वृद्धमतसमग्ने संजूर्वसि क्षमि । एवा दह मित्रमहो यो अस्मध्रुग्दुर्मन्मा कश्च वेनति ॥
Transliteration
yáthā cid vṛddhám atásam ágne sam-jū́rvasi kṣámi | evā́ dáha mitra-maho yó asmá-dhrug dur-mánmā káś ca vénati ||
Translation
यथा चिद् वृद्धमतसम् अग्ने संजूर्वसि क्षमि, एवाऽस्मध्रुग् यो दुर्मन्मा कश्च वेनति, तं मित्रमहो सम्यग् दह।
Word by Word
यथाjust as, as
यथा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (avyaya-prātipadika)
चित्even, indeed
चित्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचित् (avyaya)
वृद्धम्grown, strengthened
वृद्धम्:
Karma (of implied action like ‘to kindle/strengthen’)
TypeAdjective
Rootवृद्ध (ppp of √वृध् ‘to grow’)
अतसम्flax (a fibrous plant)
अतसम्:
Karma (object with ‘burn’/‘consume’ sense)
TypeNoun
Rootअतस (prātipadika; ‘flax’)
अग्नेO Agni
अग्ने:
Sambodhana (addressed deity)
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (prātipadika)
संtogether, wholly
सं:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम् (upasarga)
जूर्वसिyou consume/burn away
जूर्वसि:
Kriyā (predicate); Kartā = ‘त्वम् (अग्ने)’
TypeVerb
Root√जूर्व्/√जुर्व् (Vedic; ‘to waste away, consume, scorch’)
क्षमिon the earth, in the ground
क्षमि:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootक्षम् (prātipadika ‘earth/ground’; Vedic locative form)
एवाjust so, in the same way
एवा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (nipāta) + ā (Vedic lengthening)
दहburn! scorch!
दह:
Kriyā (injunction); Kartā = ‘त्वम् (अग्ने)’
TypeVerb
Root√दह् (to burn)
मित्रमहोO bounteous friend (epithet)
मित्रमहो:
Sambodhana (addressed: ‘O friend-bounteous one’)
TypeNoun (epithet)
Rootमित्रमघ (compound: मित्र + मघ ‘bounty/wealth’; bahuvrīhi/epithet)
यःwho
यः:
Kartā (of वेनति) / subject of relative clause
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (relative pronoun)
अस्मत्of us, our
अस्मत्:
Sampradāna/Apādāna-like (possessive relation: ‘against us/our’)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (1st person pronoun stem)
ध्रुक्injuring, hostile; an enemy
ध्रुक्:
Kartā (appositional to यः)
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootध्रुज्/ध्रुक् (prātipadika; ‘injuring, hostile’)
दुर्मन्माevil-minded
दुर्मन्मा:
Kartā (qualifier of the subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्मन् (dur- + man ‘mind, intent’) → दुर्मन्मन् (Vedic adj.)
कःanyone, whoever
कः:
Kartā (of वेनति; in apposition/coordination with यः)
TypePronoun
Rootकिम् (interrogative/indefinite pronoun)
चand
च:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (avyaya)
वेनतिseeks/aims at (us); plots
वेनति:
Kriyā (relative clause predicate); Kartā = यः/ध्रुक्/दुर्मन्मा/कश्च
TypeVerb
Root√वेन् (Vedic; ‘to seek/woo, strive for, desire’; also ‘to plot/aim at’ by context)
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