Rig Veda 8.41.4: Mandala 8, Sukta 41, Mantra 4
Sukta 8.41
Devata: Varuṇa
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यः ककुभो निधारयः पृथिव्यामधि दर्शतः । स माता पूर्व्यं पदं तद्वरुणस्य सप्त्यं स हि गोपा इवेर्यो नभन्तामन्यके समे ॥
Transliteration
yaḥ kakubho ni-dhārayaḥ pṛthivyām adhi darśataḥ | sa mātā pūrvyaṃ padaṃ tad varuṇasya saptyaṃ sa hi gopā iveryo nabhantām anyake same ||
Translation
यः ककुभो निधारयः पृथिव्यामधि दर्शतः; स माता पूर्व्यं पदं, तद्वरुणस्य सप्त्यं; स हि गोपा इवेर्यः—नभन्तामन्यके समे।
Word by Word
यःwho (he who)
यः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
ककुभःthe quarters/directions
ककुभः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootककुभ् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ककुभ्’ = दिशा/ककुभ् ‘quarters, peaks’)
निधारयःyou have set/held firmly
निधारयः:
(क्रियापद)
TypeVerb
Rootनि-धृ (धातु: धृ ‘to hold, support’)
पृथिव्याम्on/in the earth
पृथिव्याम्:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)
अधिupon, over
अधि:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअधि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
दर्शतःvisible, splendid
दर्शतः:
Kartā (यः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्) / (वैकल्पिकं: कर्मविशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootदृश् (धातु) → दर्शत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक ‘visible, splendid’)
सःhe
सः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
माताmother
माता:
Kartā (सः इत्यस्य समानाधिकरणम्) / (विधेय-नाम)
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
पूर्व्यम्ancient, primeval
पूर्व्यम्:
Karma (पदम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ancient, former’)
पदम्step; place; station
पदम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपद (प्रातिपदिक)
तत्that
तत्:
Karma/ (सम्बन्ध-निर्देशः)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
वरुणस्यof Varuṇa
वरुणस्य:
(सम्बन्धः)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootवरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
सप्त्यम्sevenfold; belonging to the team (of seven)
सप्त्यम्:
Karma (तत्/पदम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootसप्त्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘connected with seven/steeds’; also ‘of the team/steed’)
सःhe
सः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
हिindeed, for
हि:
(सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (निपात)
गोपाःprotector, herdsman
गोपाः:
Kartā (उपमा-वाक्ये) / (यः/सः इत्यस्य विधेयः)
TypeNoun
Rootगोपा (प्रातिपदिक; गो + पा ‘protector of cows’)
इवlike
इव:
(उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
ईर्यःto be impelled/roused; active
ईर्यः:
Kartā (यः/सः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootईर्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘to be set in motion/impelled’, from √ईर ‘to move, impel’)
नभन्ताम्let them burst forth/shine; let them arise
नभन्ताम्:
(क्रियापद)
TypeVerb
Root√नभ् (धातु; ‘to burst forth/shine?’—वेदे ‘नभ्’/‘नभ्’ प्रयोगः) अथवा √नभ् ‘to cloud/cover’ (सन्दिग्ध-धात्वर्थः)
अन्यकेelsewhere; in another (place)
अन्यके:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeAdjective/Pronoun-like
Rootअन्यक (प्रातिपदिक; ‘another, different’)
समेin the level place; in sameness
समे:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun/Adjective (substantivized)
Rootसम (प्रातिपदिक; ‘even, level’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
Ask anything about this verse
Answers come straight from the texts, with the shlokas they draw on. Ask in your own words.
Not sure where to start?
A free sign-in with Google or Apple keeps your chat saved across web and the app.
Read Rig Veda in the Vedapath app
Scan the QR code to open this directly in the app, with word-by-word meanings, Sanskrit recitation where available, and more.