Rig Veda 5.44.7 — Mandala 5, Sukta 44, Mantra 7
Sukta 5.44
Devata: Sūrya / Agni-Sūrya (solarised Agni); verse explicitly names Sūrya
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
वेत्यग्रुर्जनिवान्वा अति स्पृधः समर्यता मनसा सूर्यः कविः । घ्रंसं रक्षन्तं परि विश्वतो गयमस्माकं शर्म वनवत्स्वावसुः ॥
Transliteration
véty ágruḥ jánivān vā́ áti spṛ́dhaḥ samaryatā́ mánasā sū́ryaḥ kavíḥ | ghráṃsaṃ rákṣantaṃ pári viśvátó gáyam asmā́kaṃ śárma vanavat svā́vasuḥ ||
Translation
वेत्यग्रुः जनिवान् वा अति स्पृधः समर्यताः मनसा सूर्यः कविः। घ्रंसं रक्षन्तं परि विश्वतो गयम् अस्माकं शर्म वनवत् स्वावसुः॥
Word by Word
वेतिgoes forth / strives / pursues
वेति:
Kriyā (verbal action)
TypeVerb
Root√वे (वेति = ‘pursues/strives/knows’ in Vedic usage)
अग्रुःthe forward-going one / leader
अग्रुः:
Kartā
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootअग्रु (prātipadika)
जनिवान्born / possessing birth (newly arisen)
जनिवान्:
Kartā (apposition to subject)
TypeAdjective (possessive)
Rootजनिवस्/जनिवान् (prātipadika from √जन् ‘be born, generate’)
वाor / indeed
वा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अतिbeyond / over
अति:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअति
स्पृधःrivalries / contests / hostilities
स्पृधः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्पृध् (prātipadika)
समर्यताम्(they) contend / strive together
समर्यताम्:
Kriyā (of opponents/contenders)
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-√ऋ (समर्यति ‘to strive/contend’; Vedic)
मनसाwith (his) mind / by thought
मनसा:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
सूर्यःthe Sun
सूर्यः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (prātipadika)
कविःseer / poet-sage
कविः:
Kartā (apposition to सूर्यः)
TypeNoun
Rootकवि (prātipadika)
घ्रंसम्the burning heat / scorching glow
घ्रंसम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootघ्रंस (prātipadika; ‘heat, burning glow’, also ‘scorching’)
रक्षन्तम्protecting / guarding
रक्षन्तम्:
Karma (qualifying the object in acc.)
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√रक्ष्
परिaround
परि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरि
विश्वतःon all sides / from every side
विश्वतः:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविश्वतः (from विश्व ‘all’)
गयम्abode / life / wealth
गयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगय (prātipadika; ‘house, abode; life/wealth’ in Vedic)
अस्माकम्of us / our
अस्माकम्:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
शर्मshelter / protection / bliss
शर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशर्मन् (prātipadika)
वनवत्may he win / may he obtain
वनवत्:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Root√वन् (वनु/वनति ‘to win, gain’)
स्वावसुःwell-aiding / of good assistance
स्वावसुः:
Kartā (epithet of the subject, i.e., सूर्यः)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वावसु (prātipadika; ‘having good help/aid’, from सु-आवस्)
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