Rig Veda 4.38.4: Mandala 4, Sukta 38, Mantra 4
Sukta 4.38
Rishi: Dadhikrāvan (hymnic subject) / within Maṇḍala 4 Vāmadeva-family collection
Devata: Dadhikrā (victorious steed/power of right-going movement)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यः स्मारुन्धानो गध्या समत्सु सनुतरश्चरति गोषु गच्छन् । आविॠजीको विदथा निचिक्यत्तिरो अरतिं पर्याप आयोः ॥
Transliteration
yáḥ smā́rundhāno gádhyā samátsu sánutaras cárati góṣu gácchan | āvír-ṛjī́ko vidáthā nicíkyat tíro aratíṃ páry ā́pa āyóḥ ||
Translation
यः समत्सु दृढां रेखाम् आरुन्धानो निरन्तरं सनुतरश्चरति, गोषु (रश्मि-गोषु) गच्छन्; आविर्ऋजीकः सृज्य-ऋजु-गामिनी-शक्त्या विदथानि (यज्ञानि) निचिक्यत्ति, तिरो अरतिं पर्याप आयोः (आयसः) बलम्।
Word by Word
यःwho
यः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
स्मindeed / just
स्म:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्म (निपात)
अरुन्धानःblocking / obstructing
अरुन्धानः:
Kartā
TypeVerb (Participle)
Rootरुध् (धातु) → अरुन्ध (वर्तमान-धातु-आधार) + शानच्
गध्याwith a snare / with a binding (device)
गध्या:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootगधि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘गधि’ = जाल/बन्धन/अवरोध-प्रकारः; RV-प्रयोगः)
समत्सुin battles
समत्सु:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootसमत्सु (प्रातिपदिक ‘समत्सु’ < सम्+अत्सु/मत्सु; RV ‘समत्सु’ = संग्रामेषु)
सनुतरःmore ancient / earlier (or: more winning, ‘better in old ways’)
सनुतरः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootसनु-तर (प्रातिपदिक; तुलनात्मकः)
चरतिmoves / goes
चरति:
—
TypeVerb
Rootचर् (धातु)
गोषुamong the cows / in the cattle (herds)
गोषु:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
गच्छन्going
गच्छन्:
Kartā
TypeVerb (Participle)
Rootगम् (धातु) → गच्छत् (वर्तमान-कर्तरि शतृ)
आविॠजीकःĀviṛjīka (a proper name/epithet)
आविॠजीकः:
Kartā
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootविॠजीक (प्रातिपदिक; RV-विशेष-नाम/विशेषण)
विदथाritual distributions / ceremonial sessions
विदथा:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविदथ (प्रातिपदिक)
निचिक्यत्तिobserves / recognizes
निचिक्यत्ति:
—
TypeVerb
Rootचिक्य्/चित् (RV धातु; ‘to perceive/notice/understand’) + नि-
तिरःacross / beyond / over
तिरः:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतिरस् (अव्यय/उपसर्गार्थ)
अरतिम्harm / misfortune / distress
अरतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअरति (प्रातिपदिक)
परिaround / away (as preverb)
परि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
आपःwaters
आपः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootआप् (प्रातिपदिक)
आयोःof life / of vital force
आयोः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootआयु (प्रातिपदिक)
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