Rig Veda 2.12.3: Mandala 2, Sukta 12, Mantra 3
Sukta 2.12
Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Jagatī (likely; hymn-level)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यो हत्वाहिमरिणात्सप्त सिन्धून्यो गा उदाजदपधा वलस्य । यो अश्मनोरन्तरग्निं जजान संवृक्समत्सु स जनास इन्द्रः ॥
Transliteration
yó hatvā́him áriṇāt saptá síndhūn yó gā́ udā́jad apadhā́ válasya | yó aśmánoḥ antár agníṃ jajā́na saṃvṛ́k samátsu sá janāsa índraḥ ||
Translation
यो हत्वाहिमरिणात् सप्त सिन्धून् विमोचयत्, यो वलस्य गुहायां निहिताः रश्मीर्गाः उदाजत्, योऽश्मनोः अन्तरग्निं समत्सु जजान—स जनास इन्द्रः।
Word by Word
यःwho (he who)
यः:
सम्बन्ध/विशेषण (यः = ‘who’ introducing relative clause) / कर्ता (each relative clause)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
हत्वाhaving slain
हत्वा:
क्रियाविशेषण (पूर्वकालिक क्रिया)
TypeVerb (absolutive)
Rootहन् (धातु) → क्त्वा-प्रत्यय
अहिम्the serpent (Vṛtra)
अहिम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootअहि (प्रातिपदिक)
अरिणात्set (them) in motion / caused (them) to flow
अरिणात्:
मुख्यक्रिया (यः…अरिणात्)
TypeVerb
Rootऋ/अर् (धातु; Vedic: ‘to set in motion, to cause to go/flow’; causative/strengthened aorist usage)
सप्तseven
सप्त:
विशेषण (सिन्धूनाम्)
TypeNumeral
Rootसप्तन् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
सिन्धून्rivers/streams
सिन्धून्:
कर्म (अरिणात्—‘set the rivers flowing’)
TypeNoun
Rootसिन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)
यःwho
यः:
सम्बन्ध/विशेषण; कर्ता (next relative clause)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
गाःcows
गाः:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
उदाजत्drove out / brought forth
उदाजत्:
मुख्यक्रिया (यः…उदाजत्)
TypeVerb
Rootउद् + अज् (धातु ‘to drive’)
अपधाaway, aside
अपधा:
क्रियाविशेषण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअप + धा (धातु ‘to put/place’; Vedic adverbial formation)
वलस्यof Vala (the cave/encloser)
वलस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of Vala’)
TypeNoun
Rootवल (प्रातिपदिक; ‘cave/enclosure’ of Vala)
यःwho
यः:
सम्बन्ध/विशेषण; कर्ता (next relative clause)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अश्मनोःof the two rocks (stones)
अश्मनोः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive dual: ‘between/of the two stones/rocks’)
TypeNoun
Rootअश्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
अन्तर्within, between
अन्तर्:
अधिकरण/क्रियाविशेषण (locative sense: ‘within/between’)
TypeIndeclinable (preverb/adverb)
Rootअन्तर् (प्रातिपदिक/अव्यय; ‘inside, between’)
अग्निम्Agni / fire
अग्निम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
जजानbegot / generated
जजान:
मुख्यक्रिया (यः…जजान)
TypeVerb
Rootजन् (धातु) → reduplicated perfect
संवृक्closing/compacting; ‘one who shuts in’ (Vedic epithet)
संवृक्:
विशेषण (इन्द्रस्य)
TypeAdjective
Rootसम् + वृज्/वृक् (Vedic; ‘to press together/close’; here as adjective/participle-like stem)
समत्सुin battles
समत्सु:
अधिकरण (locative: ‘in battles’)
TypeNoun
Rootसमत्/समत्सु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘battle, conflict’), from सम् + मद्/मत् semantic field; Vedic locative plural
सःhe
सः:
कर्ता (of nominal sentence)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
जनासःmen, peoples
जनासः:
सम्बोधन/कर्तृ-सम्बन्ध (appositional: ‘(he) [is] (the one) for men/among men’; or ‘men (say)’ depending on construal)
TypeNoun
Rootजनास (Vedic prātipadika; ‘men, peoples’)
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
कर्ता/विधेय (identification)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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