Rig Veda Sukta 117
Mandala 10Sukta 1179 Mantras

Sukta 117

Sukta 10.117

Devata

Didactic/ethical hymn (no single devatā; addresses the law of giving under divine order)

Chandas

Trishtubh (common for RV 10.117; verification required)

ऋग्वेदस्य १०.११७ सूक्तं उत्तरकालीनं शिक्षाप्रधानं च; तत्र दानधर्मः उपदिश्यते—धनं परिभ्रमणीयं, न स्थिरीकर्तव्यम्। यो न ददाति स आध्यात्मिकतया सामाजिकतया च परित्यज्यते। दानं (पृण्-) ऋतस्य (विश्वव्यवस्थायाः) अनुगमनरूपं निरूप्यते; सञ्चयः कृपणता च, दीनानां प्रति उपेक्षा च, क्षयाय नयन्तीति चेतयति, यत् तु संविभागः दाता-समुदाययोः उभयोः पोषणं धारयति।

Recitation with translationRig Veda 10.117

Mantras

Mantra 1

न वा उ देवाः क्षुधमिद्वधं ददुरुताशितमुप गच्छन्ति मृत्यवः । उतो रयिः पृणतो नोप दस्यत्युतापृणन्मर्डितारं न विन्दते ॥

देवा न क्षुधं वधं कर्तुं न्ययुञ्जत; तथापि योऽपोषितः, तस्य समीपं मृत्यव उपगच्छन्ति। यः परान् पृणाति, तं रयिः (समृद्धिः) नोपदस्यति; यः न पृणाति, स न मर्दितारं न च त्रातारं विन्दते।

Mantra 2

य आध्राय चकमानाय पित्वोऽन्नवान्त्सन्रफितायोपजग्मुषे । स्थिरं मनः कृणुते सेवते पुरोतो चित्स मर्डितारं न विन्दते ॥

यः अन्नवान् सन् अपि, पानभोजनार्थं याचमानं दीनं भ्रमन्तं प्रति मनः स्थिरं (कठोरं) करोति—स स्वस्यैव पुरतः सीमायां सेवते; तथापि स पश्चादपि मर्दितारं (उपशमकर्तारं) न विन्दते।

Mantra 3

स इद्भोजो यो गृहवे ददात्यन्नकामाय चरते कृशाय । अरमस्मै भवति यामहूता उतापरीषु कृणुते सखायम् ॥

स एव भोक्ता यः गृहे कृशाय अन्नकामाय चरतेऽन्नं ददाति। तस्मै यामाः आहूताः सम्यग् अरं भवन्ति; उतापरीषु दूरतरासु अपि सखायं करोति।

Mantra 4

न स सखा यो न ददाति सख्ये सचाभुवे सचमानाय पित्वः । अपास्मात्प्रेयान्न तदोको अस्ति पृणन्तमन्यमरणं चिदिच्छेत् ॥

न स सखा यः सख्ये सचा-भुवे सचमानाय पित्वः न ददाति। अपास्मात् प्रेयात्—न तद् ओकः; पृणन्तम् अन्यं, अरणं चिद्, इच्छेत्।

Mantra 5

पृणीयादिन्नाधमानाय तव्यान्द्राघीयांसमनु पश्येत पन्थाम् । ओ हि वर्तन्ते रथ्येव चक्रान्यमन्यमुप तिष्ठन्त रायः ॥

नाधमानाय पृणीयात्; तव्यान् द्राघीयांसं पन्थानम् अनु पश्येत्। हि रायः रथ्येव चक्राणि वर्तन्ते—अन्यमन्यम् उप तिष्ठन्ति।

Mantra 6

मोघमन्नं विन्दते अप्रचेताः सत्यं ब्रवीमि वध इत्स तस्य । नार्यमणं पुष्यति नो सखायं केवलाघो भवति केवलादी ॥

मोघमन्नं विन्दतेऽप्रचेताः; सत्यं ब्रवीमि—वध एव तस्य भागः। न आर्यमणं पुष्यति, न सखायम्; केवलाघो भवति, केवलादी च।

Mantra 7

कृषन्नित्फाल आशितं कृणोति यन्नध्वानमप वृङ्क्ते चरित्रैः । वदन्ब्रह्मावदतो वनीयान्पृणन्नापिरपृणन्तमभि ष्यात् ॥

कृषन्नित् फाल आशितं कृणोति, यन्नध्वानमप वृङ्क्ते चरित्रैः। वदन् ब्रह्मा अवदतः वनीयान्; पृणन्नापिरपृणन्तमभि ष्यात्।

Mantra 8

एकपाद्भूयो द्विपदो वि चक्रमे द्विपात्त्रिपादमभ्येति पश्चात् । चतुष्पादेति द्विपदामभिस्वरे सम्पश्यन्पङ्क्तीरुपतिष्ठमानः ॥

एकपाद्भूयो द्विपदो विचक्रमे; द्विपात्त्रिपादमभ्येति पश्चात्। चतुष्पादेति द्विपदामभिस्वरे; सम्पश्यन्पङ्क्तीरुपतिष्ठमानः।

Mantra 9

समौ चिद्धस्तौ न समं विविष्टः सम्मातरा चिन्न समं दुहाते । यमयोश्चिन्न समा वीर्याणि ज्ञाती चित्सन्तौ न समं पृणीतः ॥

समौ चिद्धस्तौ न समं विविष्टः सम्मातरा चिन्न समं दुहाते । यमयोश्चिन्न समा वीर्याणि ज्ञाती चित्सन्तौ न समं पृणीतः ॥

Inside Sukta 117

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    A stark teaching: hunger is not meant as a divine ‘executioner,’ yet the unfed fall toward death; the one who refuses to nourish others loses support and remedy.

  2. Development

    The hymn argues that wealth is not fixed property but a moving current; one should ‘fill’ the needy and choose the wider path of generosity, because fortune shifts like wheels on a road.

  3. Climax

    The central revelation is the law of circulation: riches come to rest with one and then another—therefore hoarding is short-sighted and contrary to ṛta.

  4. Where it settles

    It closes with a realistic observation of human inequality (even among seeming equals), implying that one must consciously awaken the capacity to give rather than presume sameness or automatic fairness.

The deity: Dāna-Dharma under Ṛta

  • In the VedaThe hymn speaks in the idiom of the gods and ṛta: hunger is not ordained as a ‘slayer,’ yet death approaches the unfed; prosperity (rayi) supports the one who ‘fills’ others, while the non-giver finds no helper.
  • Cosmic functionTo maintain social and cosmic balance by ensuring that resources circulate; generosity becomes a stabilizing law that protects life, kinship, and communal continuity.
  • Inner significanceA discipline of expanding the self beyond fear and scarcity—training the mind to loosen grasping, recognize impermanence of possession, and cultivate a steady capacity to support others.

The seer

  • Kutsa Āṅgirasa (traditional attribution)Āṅgirasa (Angiras lineage; traditional) · Associated in Vedic tradition with hymns that combine practical counsel with a strong moral sense of ṛta; here, the voice functions as a social-ethical teacher rather than a single-deity celebrant.

Famous verses

न वा उ देवाः क्षुधमिद्वधं ददुरुताशितमुप गच्छन्ति मृत्यवः । उतो रयिः पृणतो नोप दस्यत्युतापृणन्मर्डितारं न विन्दते ॥
Verse 10.117.1Foundational thesis of the hymn: non-giving leads to vulnerability and social-spiritual abandonment, while the giver is sustained by rayi (plenitude).Read verse 10.117.1 →
rathyeva cakrā… rāyaḥ
Verse 10.117.5Classic Rigvedic image of impermanent possession: wealth turns like wheels, teaching that generosity is prudent, not merely pious.Read verse 10.117.5 →
समौ चिद्धस्तौ न समं विविष्टः सम्मातरा चिन्न समं दुहाते । यमयोश्चिन्न समा वीर्याणि ज्ञाती चित्सन्तौ न समं पृणीतः ॥
Verse 10.117.9Concluding reflection on unequal capacities even among apparent equals; it pushes the listener toward deliberate cultivation of strength and right giving.Read verse 10.117.9 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Ethical instruction rooted in ṛta
  • Circulation of wealth (rayi) as a natural law
  • Condemnation of hoarding and neglect
  • Protection of life through sharing
  • Community cohesion and reciprocity

Also by this seer

  • Various Rigvedic hymns traditionally linked to the Āṅgirasa stream (attributions vary by Anukramaṇī and modern scholarship)
  • Didactic and reflective material in the late Rigveda (Mandala 10) often grouped with similar ethical instruction

The rite, step by step

  • Saṅkalpa: intention to give in accordance with ṛta (truthful, timely, non-harmful giving).
  • Ācamana/śuddhi: simple purification and settling of breath and speech.
  • Agni or household fire remembrance (optional): brief invocation to witness the vow of generosity.
  • Recite selected mantras (notably 10.117.1 and 10.117.5) before the act of giving.
  • Actual dāna: offer food, wealth, or support to a person in need, guest, or communal cause.
  • Concluding prayer: wish for the ‘wheel’ of wealth to turn for all, and for the giver to remain open-handed without pride.

Offerings

  • Food (anna), water, milk/ghee (as available)
  • Cloth or basic necessities
  • Cows/wealth (symbolic or literal, according to capacity)
  • Hospitality to guests (atithi-sevā)

Frequently Asked Questions

It is an ethical hymn urging generosity. It says that refusing to share harms both the needy and the hoarder, while giving keeps prosperity and social support alive.

Not directly. It uses the language of the gods and ṛta (cosmic order), but its focus is moral instruction—especially the duty to feed and support those in want.

To show that riches are not permanent. Like wheels that keep turning, wealth moves from person to person, so it is wise and righteous to share rather than hoard.

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