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Atharva Veda 5.20.3: Kanda 5, Anuvaka 2, Sukta 20, Mantra 3

Sukta 20

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

वृषे॑व यू॒थे सह॑सा विदा॒नो ग॒व्यन्न॒भि रु॑व संधनाजित्। शु॒चा वि॑ध्य॒ हृद॑यं॒ परे॑षां हि॒त्वा ग्रामा॒न् प्रच्यु॑ता यन्तु॒ शत्र॑वः

Sanskrit recitationAtharva Veda 5.20.3
IAST Transliteration

vṛ́ṣevá yūthé sáhasā vidānáḥ gavyán abhí ruva saṃdhanājít | śucā́ vidhya hṛ́dayam párēṣāṃ hitvā́ grā́mān pracyútā yantu śátraváḥ ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Like a bull amid the herd, finding by might, seeking the cattle-prize—roar thou against them, O winner by close-binding. With burning heat pierce the heart of the others: abandoning their villages, dislodged, let the foes depart.

Translation

वृषेव यूथे सहसा विदानो गव्यन्नभि रुव संधनाजित्। शुचा विध्य हृदयं परेषां हित्वा ग्रामान् प्रच्युताः यन्तु शत्रवः॥

Word by Word
वृषाa bull (as leader)
वृषा:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootवृषन् (प्रातिपदिक) / वृष (धातु: वृष् ‘वर्षणे/सेचने’ से व्युत्पत्ति)
इवlike, as
इव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
यूथेin the herd, in the troop
यूथे:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootयूथ (प्रातिपदिक)
सहसाwith force, by might
सहसा:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootसहस् (प्रातिपदिक)
विदानःknowing, finding out
विदानः:
Kartā
TypeVerb
Root√विद् (विद् ‘जानने’)
गव्यान्cattle(-men)/those belonging to cattle (cowherds)
गव्यान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
अभिtowards, against
अभि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअभि
रुवroar!, cry out!
रुव:
—
TypeVerb
Root√रु (रु ‘शब्दे/रवणे’)
संधनाजित्the winner/conqueror of the ‘sanding/fastening’ (i.e., of close encounter/struggle)
संधनाजित्:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootसंधन- (प्रातिपदिक) + √जि (जि ‘जय’)
शुचाwith burning heat/with a sharp (fiery) force
शुचा:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootशुच्/शुचि (प्रातिपदिक ‘शुच्’ = शोक/दाह; अथवा ‘शुचि’ = शुद्ध/दीप्त)
विध्यpierce!, strike through!
विध्य:
—
TypeVerb
Root√व्यध् (व्यध् ‘वेधने’)
हृदयम्the heart
हृदयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहृदय (प्रातिपदिक)
परेषाम्of others, of the enemies
परेषाम्:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootपर (प्रातिपदिक)
हित्वाhaving abandoned
हित्वा:
—
TypeVerb
Root√हा (हा ‘त्यागे’)
ग्रामान्villages, settlements
ग्रामान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootग्राम (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रच्युताःdriven away, dislodged
प्रच्युताः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootप्र + √च्युत्/√च्यु (च्यु ‘चलने/पतने’)
यन्तुlet them go
यन्तु:
—
TypeVerb
Root√या (या ‘गत्यर्थे’)
शत्रवःenemies
शत्रवः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु (प्रातिपदिक)
Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic/Angiras-type attribution (traditional for martial-apotropaic hymns; varies by anukramaṇī)

Devata: Dundubhi (personified war-drum) / battle-sound as efficacious agent

Chandas: Triṣṭubh-like cadence (as transmitted; metrical exactness depends on pada resolution)

Mantra Rasa

Primary: vira

Secondary: raudra

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