Rig Veda 3.38.4: Mandala 3, Sukta 38, Mantra 4

Sukta 3.38

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina

Devata: Indra (with ‘Asura’ as epithet of lordly power; the hymn’s Indra frame continues)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

आतिष्ठन्तं परि विश्वे अभूषञ्छ्रियो वसानश्चरति स्वरोचिः । महत्तद्वृष्णो असुरस्य नामा विश्वरूपो अमृतानि तस्थौ ॥

Transliteration

ā́tiṣṭhantaṁ pári víśve abhūṣañ chríyo vásānaś carati svár-ociḥ | mahát tád vṛ́ṣṇo ásurasya nā́mā víśva-rūpo amṛ́tāni tasthau ||

Translation

അവൻ എഴുന്നേൽക്കുമ്പോൾ സർവ്വ ശക്തികളും അവനെ ചുറ്റും അലങ്കരിക്കുന്നു; ശ്രീയെ ധരിച്ച്, സ്വയം-പ്രകാശിയായി അവൻ സഞ്ചരിക്കുന്നു. ആ വീര വൃഷണ അസുരന്റെ നാമം മഹത്താണ്; വിശ്വരൂപൻ അമൃതത്വങ്ങളിൽ സ്ഥിരമായി നിലകൊണ്ടിരിക്കുന്നു.

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Word by Word

• आतिष्ठन्तम्: (him) mounting / standing up / ascending
• आतिष्ठन्तम्: Karma (object of अभूषन्)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: आ-स्था (√स्था)

• परि: around
• परि: Adhikaraṇa (circumstantial: ‘around’)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि

• विश्वे: all (the gods/men)
• विश्वे: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: विश्व

• अभूषन्: they adorned / they decked
• अभूषन्: Kriyā (main verb); governs कर्म ‘आतिष्ठन्तम्’
• Type: Verb
• Root: भूष्

• श्रियः: splendours, glories
• श्रियः: Kartā (of चरति) / or appositional subject with स्वरोचिः
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्री

• वसानः: wearing, clothed (in)
• वसानः: Kartā (of चरति) (same referent as स्वरोचिः)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: वस् (√वस् ‘to clothe’)

• चरति: moves, goes about
• चरति: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: चर्

• स्वरोचिः: self-radiant, shining by itself
• स्वरोचिः: Kartā (of चरति)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (bahuvrīhi-like epithet)
• Root: स्व-रोचि (रोचि from √रुच्)

• महत्: great
• महत्: Karma/Predicative complement (with implied ‘is/was’)
• Type: Adjective (used predicatively)
• Root: महत्

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma/Predicative subject (with महत्)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्

• वृष्णः: of the bull (mighty one)
• वृष्णः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (genitival relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषन्

• असुरस्य: of the Asura (lord)
• असुरस्य: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: असुर

• नाम: name
• नाम: Karma/Predicative complement (with महत् तत्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नामन्

• विश्व-रूपः: all-formed, of all shapes
• विश्व-रूपः: Kartā (of तस्थौ)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: विश्व + रूप

• अमृतानि: immortal things, immortal (ordinances/powers)
• अमृतानि: Karma (object with तस्थौ in sense ‘established/placed’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: अमृत

• तस्थौ: stood; was established; took his stand
• तस्थौ: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (√स्था)