Rig Veda 1.151.2: Mandala 1, Sukta 151, Mantra 2

Sukta 1.151

Devata: Mitra-Varuṇa (dual) (likely)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यद्ध त्यद्वां पुरुमीळ्हस्य सोमिनः प्र मित्रासो न दधिरे स्वाभुवः । अध क्रतुं विदतं गातुमर्चत उत श्रुतं वृषणा पस्त्यावतः ॥

Transliteration

yád dha tyád vāṃ purumīḷ́hasya somínaḥ prá mitrā́so ná dadhiré svā́bhuvaḥ | ádha krátuṃ vidataṃ gātúm árcata utá śrutáṃ vṛṣaṇā pastyā́vataḥ ||

Translation

സമ്പന്നമായ അനുഗ്രഹം തേടുന്ന സോമപീഡകർ, സുഹൃത്തുക്കളെപ്പോലെ, സ്വയം-പ്രഭാവികളായി നിങ്ങളുടെ പ്രവർത്തിയെ മുന്നോട്ടു വെക്കുമ്പോൾ—അവർ നിങ്ങളുടെ ക്രതു (ഇച്ഛാശക്തി/വിധിബുദ്ധി)യെ സ്തുതിച്ച് പാത (ഗാതു) കണ്ടെത്തുന്നു. ഹേ രണ്ടു വീരന്മാരേ (വൃഷണാ), നിങ്ങൾ അവരെ ശ്രവണീയരാക്കി, അവരുടെ സ്വന്തം ഗൃഹത്തിൽ—പസ്ത്യാവത്—സ്ഥിരമായി സ്ഥാപിക്കുന്നു.

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Word by Word

• यत्: when; that which
• यत्: Adhikaraṇa (clausal/temporal link) / Sambandha
• Type: Indeclinable (relative pronoun used adverbially) / Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) / यद्-शब्द

• ह: indeed; surely
• ह: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह (निपात) / particle

• त्यत्: that (yonder), that very
• त्यत्: Karma (object of implied/understood action) / Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) with deictic/remote nuance ‘tya-’

• वाम्: of you two; you two
• वाम्: Sambandha (genitive) / Karma (if taken as acc.)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (2nd person pronoun) — enclitic dual gen./acc.

• पुरुमीळ्हस्य: of the much-praised one
• पुरुमीळ्हस्य: Sambandha (genitive qualifier)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (epithet)
• Root: पुरुमीळ्ह (प्रातिपदिक; epithet ‘much-praised/with many praises’)

• सोमिनः: of the soma-possessor; of the soma-offerer
• सोमिनः: Sambandha (genitive qualifier)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सोमिन् (प्रातिपदिक ‘having soma; soma-possessing/connected with soma’)

• प्र: forth; forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb/adverb)
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• मित्रासः: the Mitras; allies/friends
• मित्रासः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like; as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (उपमा-निपात)

• दधिरे: they have set/placed; they established
• दधिरे: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: धा (धातु) ‘to place, set’

• स्वाभुवः: self-powerful; self-existent ones
• स्वाभुवः: Kartā (apposition to मित्रासः)
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: स्वाभू (प्रातिपदिक; ‘self-existent/independent, of own power’)

• अध: then; thereafter
• अध: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अध (निपात)

• क्रतुम्: power of will; resolve; ritual skill
• क्रतुम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रतु (प्रातिपदिक)

• विदतम्: found; discovered; obtained
• विदतम्: Karma (qualifier)
• Type: Participle (verbal adjective)
• Root: विद् (धातु) ‘to find/know’ → क्त (past passive participle) / or adjectival ‘found, obtained’

• गातुम्: path; way; course
• गातुम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गातु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘path, course, going’)

• अर्चत: they praised; they sang
• अर्चत: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: अर्च् (धातु) ‘to praise, sing’

• उत: and; also
• उत: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत (निपात)

• श्रुतम्: heard; renowned; famed
• श्रुतम्: Karma
• Type: Participle (verbal adjective)
• Root: श्रु (धातु) ‘to hear’ → क्त (past passive participle) / ‘heard, famed’

• वृषणा: O you two bulls (mighty ones)
• वृषणा: Kartā (if taken as subject) / Sambodhana (if taken as address)
• Type: Noun (dual)
• Root: वृषन् (प्रातिपदिक ‘bull, strong one’)

• पस्त्यावतः: dwelling-possessing; having a home/abode
• पस्त्यावतः: Kartā / Sambodhana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पस्त्यावत् (प्रातिपदिक ‘having a dwelling/home; possessing homestead’)