Rig Veda 4.5.8: Mandala 4, Sukta 5, Mantra 8

Sukta 4.5

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Agni (as revealer/guardian of the hidden step)

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; verify)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्रवाच्यं वचसः किं मे अस्य गुहा हितमुप निणिग्वदन्ति । यदुस्रियाणामप वारिव व्रन्पाति प्रियं रुपो अग्रं पदं वेः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.5.8

Transliteration

pra-vā́cyaṃ vácasaḥ kíṃ me asyá guhā́ hitám úpa niṇíg vadanti | yád usríyāṇām ápa vā́r iva vrán pā́ti priyáṃ rúpó ágraṃ padáṃ véḥ ||

Translation

ما الذي يُقال عن هذه الكلمة منّي، التي يقولون إنها مخبوءة في كهف السرّ؟ فإذا انفتح الجُرح كأنه بابٌ لفسحةٍ واسعة، فإن «الرُّوبا» (Rūpa) المحبوبة تحرس الخطوةَ الأولى لأشعّة النور، المقامَ المتقدّم للرؤية.

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Word by Word

• प्रवाच्यम्: to be proclaimed; speakable
• प्रवाच्यम्: Karma (to be spoken/declared)
• Type: Adjective (gerundive) / verbal adjective
• Root: प्र-वच् (वच्) / प्र+वाच्य (कृत्प्रातिपदिक)

• वचसः: of the speech/utterance
• वचसः: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• किम्: what?
• किम्: Karma (what?)
• Type: Pronoun (interrogative)
• Root: किम् (प्रातिपदिक)

• मे: to/for me; my
• मे: Sampradāna/Sambandha (to/for me; of me)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• अस्य: of this (one/thing)
• अस्य: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Pronoun (demonstrative)
• Root: इदम्

• गुहा: secretly; in concealment
• गुहा: Adhikaraṇa (location/manner)
• Type: Indeclinable (adverbial)
• Root: गुहा (अव्यय/निपात; also noun 'cave')

• हितम्: placed; hidden; deposited
• हितम्: Karma/Viśeṣaṇa (that which is placed/hidden)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: धा → हित (PPP; prātipadika 'हित')

• उप: near; towards
• उप: — (upasarga with following verb)
• Type: Preverb/indeclinable
• Root: उप

• निणिग्वदन्ति: they speak/utter (in a murmuring/cryptic way)
• निणिग्वदन्ति: Kriyā (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वद् (with preverb नि-; stem: निणिग्व- as Vedic present formation)

• यत्: which; that
• यत्: Karma/Anvaya-link (that which)
• Type: Relative pronoun
• Root: यद्

• उस्रियाणाम्: of the bright ones (dawn-cows/rays)
• उस्रियाणाम्: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उस्रिया (प्रातिपदिक; 'dawn-cows'/rays)

• अप: away; forth
• अप: — (upasarga with following form)
• Type: Preverb/indeclinable
• Root: अप

• वारिवः: wide space; free course; opening
• वारिवः: Karma (object: 'wide space/opening')
• Type: Noun
• Root: वारिवस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• व्रन्: (he) opens/makes (a way)
• व्रन्: Kriyā (subordinate verb with यत्)
• Type: Verb (finite, archaic Vedic form)
• Root: वृ (वृणोति/वृणक्ति) → व्रन् (Vedic injunctive/aorist-like form; also read as 'व्रन्' from √वृ 'to cover/open' in RV usage)

• पाति: protects; guards
• पाति: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: पा (पालने/रक्षणे)

• प्रियम्: dear; beloved
• प्रियम्: Karma (object of implied/related action; or qualifier of रूपम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)

• रूपः: form; appearance
• रूपः: Kartā (subject, appositional)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रूप (प्रातिपदिक)

• अग्रम्: the foremost; the first point
• अग्रम्: Karma (foremost/first as object/goal)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अग्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• पदम्: step; track; place
• पदम्: Karma (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद (प्रातिपदिक)

• वेः: you know; you find/seek
• वेः: Kriyā (addressed action: 'you know/find')
• Type: Verb (finite, archaic Vedic)
• Root: वी (वेति) / or √वय्? (Vedic: वेः as 2nd sg. perfect/aorist-like)