Rig Veda 4.3.10: Mandala 4, Sukta 3, Mantra 10
Sukta 4.3
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Agni
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
ऋतेन हि ष्मा वृषभश्चिदक्तः पुमाँ अग्निः पयसा पृष्ठ्येन । अस्पन्दमानो अचरद्वयोधा वृषा शुक्रं दुदुहे पृश्निरूधः ॥
Transliteration
ṛténa hí ṣmā vṛṣabháś cid aktáḥ pumā́ṃ agníḥ páyasā pṛṣṭhyéna | áspandamāno acarad vayo-dhā́ vṛ́ṣā śukráṃ duduhé pṛ́śnir ū́dhaḥ ||
Translation
فَبِـرِتا حقًّا يُمسَحُ حتى الثورُ بالمسحة: أغني، الذكرُ، وعليه اللبنُ على ظهره. غيرَ مُضطربٍ يمضي، واهبَ الفيوض؛ الثورُ حلبَ البهيَّ، والمُرقَّطةُ أدرَّت ضرعَها.
Word by Word
ऋतेनby/with ṛta (truth, cosmic order)
ऋतेन:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootऋत (प्रातिपदिक) < √ऋ (गत्यर्थ) / ऋत- ‘cosmic order, truth’
हिindeed, for
हि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (निपात)
ष्माsurely, indeed (emphasis)
ष्मा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootष्मा (वैदिक निपात) स्म/ष्म (emphatic particle)
वृषभःthe bull (strong one)
वृषभः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootवृषभ (प्रातिपदिक)
चित्even
चित्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचित् (निपात)
अक्तःanointed, smeared
अक्तः:
Kartā (as predicate to subject) / Karma (underlying: ‘having been anointed’)
TypeParticiple/Adjective
Root√अञ्ज् (अक्त ‘smeared, anointed’)
पुमान्a man, male
पुमान्:
Kartā (apposition) / Viśeṣaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootपुमांस् (प्रातिपदिक)
अग्निःAgni (fire)
अग्निः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
पयसाwith milk, by milk
पयसा:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootपयस् (प्रातिपदिक)
पृष्ठ्येनwith the ‘back(-part)’, from the back (as means)
पृष्ठ्येन:
Karaṇa
TypeAdjective
Rootपृष्ठ्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘belonging to the back/ridge; from the back’) < पृष्ठ
अस्पन्दमानःnot quivering, unmoving
अस्पन्दमानः:
Kartā (qualifier of subject) / Viśeṣaṇa
TypeParticiple/Adjective
Root√स्पन्द् (स्पन्दने) with privative अ-; present participle
अचरत्moved, went
अचरत्:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Root√चर् (गत्यर्थ)
वयोधाlife-giving, strength-bestowing
वयोधा:
Kartā (appositional epithet) / Viśeṣaṇa
TypeAdjective/Noun (epithet)
Rootवयोधा (प्रातिपदिक; ‘life-giver/strength-giver’, lit. ‘placing/holding vigor’)
वृषाthe bull, the vigorous one
वृषा:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootवृषन्/वृषा (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bull, virile one’)
शुक्रम्bright (seed/milk), shining fluid
शुक्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootशुक्र (प्रातिपदिक)
दुदुहेmilked out, drew forth
दुदुहे:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Root√दुह् (दोहने)
पृश्निःPṛśni, the speckled cow
पृश्निः:
Kartā (subject of ‘दुदुहे’)
TypeNoun
Rootपृश्नि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘speckled cow’, also a mythic cow)
ऊधःudder
ऊधः:
Karma (source-object of milking) / Adhikaraṇa (in sense ‘from the udder’)
TypeNoun
Rootऊधस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘udder’)
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