Rig Veda 4.3.11 — Mandala 4, Sukta 3, Mantra 11
Sukta 4.3
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (attributed for RV 4.3)
Devata: Agni (with associated powers: Angirases, Uṣas, Svar as results/fields of action)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 4.3; verse-length and cadence consistent)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
ऋतेनाद्रिं व्यसन्भिदन्तः समङ्गिरसो नवन्त गोभिः । शुनं नरः परि षदन्नुषासमाविः स्वरभवज्जाते अग्नौ ॥
Transliteration
ṛténá adríṃ ví asan bhidántaḥ sámaṅgirasaḥ navanta gó-bhiḥ | śunáṃ nárāḥ pári ṣadan uṣásam āvíḥ svàr abhavat jāté agnáu ||
Translation
بِـرِتا شقّوا الصخرَ شقًّا؛ والأنغيراسَةُ معًا اندفعوا ضاغطين بأشعّةِ النور. الأقوياءُ جلسوا حول الفجرِ في سَعةٍ مُيمونة؛ وتجلّى سْفَر (Svar) المُضيءُ حين وُلِدَ أغني في الداخل.
Word by Word
ऋतेनby/with ṛta (cosmic order, truth)
ऋतेन:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootऋत (प्रातिपदिक) / √ऋ (ऋ-गतौ, ‘to go/fit’, semantic base of ṛta) रूपेण ‘ऋत’
अद्रिम्the rock, mountain
अद्रिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअद्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
व्यसनthey split asunder / they cleft
व्यसन:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (अस्-भुवि/अस्-गतौ) + वि- (उपसर्ग); injunctive/aorist stem ‘व्यस्-’
भिदन्तःsplitting, cleaving
भिदन्तः:
Kartā
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√भिद् (भिद्-विदारणे)
सम्together, completely
सम्:
(क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
अङ्गिरसःthe Aṅgirases (Aṅgiras seers)
अङ्गिरसः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootअङ्गिरस् (प्रातिपदिक; ऋषिगण/देवयजक-समूह)
नवन्तthey praised / they celebrated
नवन्त:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√नु/नव् (वेदिक; ‘to praise/celebrate’—स्तुतौ)
गोभिःwith cows; with cattle (as wealth/offerings)
गोभिः:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
शुनम्well, auspiciously
शुनम्:
(क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशुनम् (अव्यय; ‘well, prosperously, happily’)
नरःthe men, heroes
नरः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootनर (प्रातिपदिक)
परिaround
परि:
(क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
षदन्sitting, taking their seats
षदन्:
Kartā
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√सद् (सद्-आसने/उपवेशने)
उषासम्Uṣas (Dawn)
उषासम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउषस् (प्रातिपदिक)
आविःmanifest, openly
आविः:
(क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआविस्/आविः (अव्यय)
स्वःthe light; heaven
स्वः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्/स्वः (प्रातिपदिक; ‘light, heaven’)
अभवत्came to be, appeared
अभवत्:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भू (भू-सत्तायाम्) + अभि- (उपसर्ग)
जातेwhen born; in the born (state)
जाते:
Adhikaraṇa (सप्तमी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Root√जन् (जन्-प्रादुर्भावे) → जात (कृदन्त)
अग्नौin Agni; in the fire (Agni)
अग्नौ:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
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