Rig Veda 4.21.7 — Mandala 4, Sukta 21, Mantra 7
Sukta 4.21
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for Maṇḍala 4)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 4.21; confirm by metrical count in a critical edition)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
सत्रा यदीं भार्वरस्य वृष्णः सिषक्ति शुष्मः स्तुवते भराय । गुहा यदीमौशिजस्य गोहे प्र यद्धिये प्रायसे मदाय ॥
Transliteration
satrā yad īṃ bhārvarásya vṛ́ṣṇaḥ síṣakti śúṣmaḥ stuvaté bhárāya | guhā́ yad īm auśijásya góhe prá yád dhiyé práyase mádāya ||
Translation
حينَ يُقْرَنُ بلا انقطاعٍ اندفاعُ قوةِ الثور (إندرا) لِبهارڤارا، للحاملِ الذي يسبّح، فحين يكون مستتراً في الغار، في حظيرةِ بقرِ الأوشِجِيّ (Auśija)، يندفعُ إلى الأمام من أجل dhī، ومن أجل الاندفاعِ المتقدّم، ومن أجل mada، نشوةِ التمام.
Word by Word
सत्राalways, altogether
सत्रा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसत्रा (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक) < सत्/सत्य (PIE *h₁es- ‘to be’)
यत्when/that
यत्:
Karma (यदा-सम्बन्धे ‘when/that’)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
ईम्him (enclitic)
ईम्:
Karma (सर्वनाम-प्रत्ययार्थे ‘him’)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootईम् (निपात/अव्यय)
भार्वरस्यof Bhārvara (a patronymic/epithet)
भार्वरस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootभार्वर (प्रातिपदिक; विशेषण/नाम)
वृष्णःof the bull/strong one
वृष्णः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootवृषन् (प्रातिपदिक)
सिषक्तिattaches, joins, harnesses
सिषक्ति:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootसच् (धातु; Vedic present with reduplication: सि-षक्-ति)
शुष्मः(his) might, vigor
शुष्मः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootशुष्म (प्रातिपदिक)
स्तुवते(he) praises
स्तुवते:
Kriyā (यत्-सम्बन्धे)
TypeVerb
Rootस्तु (धातु)
भरायfor bearing/bringing; for the prize/booty
भराय:
Sampradāna (purpose/for)
TypeNoun
Rootभर (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bearing/bringing’, also ‘battle/booty’ in RV usage)
गुहाin secret; in a cave
गुहा:
Adhikaraṇa (manner/place: ‘secretly/in a hiding place’)
TypeNoun
Rootगुहा (प्रातिपदिक)
यत्when/that
यत्:
Karma (यदा-सम्बन्धे ‘when/that’)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
ईम्him
ईम्:
Karma
TypeIndeclinable
Rootईम् (निपात/अव्यय)
औशिजस्यof the Auśija
औशिजस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootऔशिज (प्रातिपदिक; patronymic/tribal epithet)
गोहेin the cattle-pen; in the cow-stall
गोहे:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootगोहि/गोहे (प्रातिपदिक; RV ‘cow-pen, cattle-lair’)
प्रforth, forward
प्र:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र (उपसर्ग/निपात)
यत्when/that
यत्:
Karma (relative ‘when/that’)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
हिindeed, for
हि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (निपात)
इयेI went; I have gone
इये:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootइ (धातु ‘to go’) → इये (perfect/old stative-like form)
प्रायसेfor refreshment/nourishment
प्रायसे:
Sampradāna (purpose/for)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रायस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘refreshment, enjoyment, meal’)
मदायfor exhilaration/intoxication
मदाय:
Sampradāna (purpose/for)
TypeNoun
Rootमद (प्रातिपदिक)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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